Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion

Is the bodys rate of energy (or caloric) utilization.

A cluster of neurons packed with receptor sites for various transmitters that stimulate or reduce appetite.

Center on avoiding being outperformed by others.

States of internal tension that motivate an organism to behave in ways that reduce this tension.

A peptide (a type of hormone) that helps produce satiety.

A state of internal physiological equilibrium that the body strives to maintain.

Focus on the desire to master a task and learn new knowledge or skills.

A biologically determined standard around which body weight (or, more accurately, fat mass) is regulated.

That encourages or rewards either a mastery approach or an ego approach to defi ning success.

Performing an activity to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment.

Involves comparing our beliefs, feelings, and behaviors with those of other people.

As a process that infl uences the direction, persistence, and vigor of goaldirected behavior.

Is an inherited characteristic, common to all members of a species, that automatically produces a particular response when the organism is exposed to a particular stimulus.

Reflect a competitive orientation that focuses on outperforming other people.

Are feeling (or affect) states that involve a pattern of cognitive, physiological, and behavioral reactions to events.

Focuses on three fundamental psychological needs- competence, autonomy, and relatedness- and on how they relate to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Proposed that the subjective experience of emotion and physiological arousal do not cause one another but instead are independent responses to an emotion- arousing situation.

Have an intense fear of being fat and severely restrict their food intake to the point of self- starvation.

Have a fear of becoming fat, and so people binge- eat and then purge the food.

Which represents the need to fulfi ll our potential.

The persons observable emotional displays.

In emotion, coping behaviors that are directed at achieving the goal or performing the task that is relevant to the emotion.

That trigger cognitive appraisals and emotional responses.

Which responds to stimuli that signal potential pain, nonreinforcement, and punishment.

Is roused to action by signals of potential reward and positive need gratification.

Are the interpretations and meanings that we attach to sensory stimuli.

Goal-directed behavior is jointly determined by the strength of the persons expectation that particular behaviors will lead to a goal and by the incentive value the individual places on that goal.

Involves being attracted to and repelled by the same goal.

In which the focus is on personal improvement, giving maximum effort, and perfecting new skills.

Our bodily reactions determine the subjective emotion we experience.

Feedback from the facial muscles to the brain plays a key role in determining the nature and intensity of emotions that we experience.

Focuses on the manner in which success is defi ned both by the individual and within the achievement situation itself.

A positive desire to accomplish tasks and compete successfully with standards of excellence.

In which the goal is to outperform others (hopefully, with as little effort as possible)