SOCL 2001 exam 3 (prof slack LSU)

Groupings based on social significant physical characteristics and beliefs about common ancestry

Groupings based on common geographic origin and distinctive cultural characteristics (i.e., language, religion, dress, and other customs)

The attribution of superiority or inferiority based on race

The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups

Racism or discrimination that is built into the workings of societal institutions, can exist without express intention

Biological and anatomical differences, especially based on reproductive organs and structures, distinguishing males from females

Socially formed traits of masculinity and femininity; presentation of self and social expectations

Classification of gender into two discrete and non-overlapping forms of masculine and feminine

A gender identity that does not fit squarely into the male-female binary classification

Identification/expression of a gender identity that differs from their sex at birth

to the range of behaviors that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on that person’s sex

Balancing demands of work outside the home with work inside the home

• Gender relations are characterized by unequal power

• Men, specifically of the dominant gender and sexual orientation, hold greater power in most societies compared to women

• Gender inequality is a result of this power differential

• •Gender-role differentiation contributes to social stability

• Clarifies role expectations

  • Ex) Helps define the division of labor in the economy and the household

• Gender relations best understood by observing micro-level interactions

• How through our interactional experience do we develop gendered ideas of self and society?

• How does this interactional experience lead us to understand gendered inequality?

• Basic modes of social activity followed by vast majority of members of society

• Involve norms and values to which large numbers conform

• Protected by strong sanctions

• Important “bedrock” in society because key in structuring social behavior

• Increasingly dominant form of the economic organization worldwide

• Reliance on the market versus other means of production and distribution

• Relies on private ownership of the means of production and distribution

• The main incentive is the accumulation of profit

• Relies on social ownership of the means of production and distribution (e.g., State Socialism, where government owns; or Cooperative Socialism, where workers own)

• Greater emphasis on redistribution and the welfare state

• Can take market and non-market (state) forms

• Increasing interdependence of national economies

• Increasing transnational flows of people, goods, services, capital, and culture

• Having a profound impact on work and culture around the globe

• The globalization of capitalism is functional for the world system

• Allows nations to exercise their comparative advantage

• Resulting in the most efficient distribution of goods and services worldwide

• Expanding domination of a global corporate elite

• Does not represent the best interests of the vast majority of people

• Represents a “race to the bottom”

• Shift from goods-producing to service-based economy

• Job losses in manufacturing due to increased automation and lower wage rates in less developed countries

• Service sector includes wide-range of jobs that vary greatly in quality

• Rise in outsourcing, subcontracting, and temporary work contracts

• Increases flexibility for employers and workers

• Contingent workers tend to earn less and lack fringe benefits

• Most contingent workers indicate they would rather be standard employees

• The economic opportunity structure facing American workers is rapidly changing

• Characterized by two trends:

• Deindustrialization

• Rise in contingent employment relations

• parents and unmarried children, typically living together

• The nucleus or core upon which larger family groups are built

broader network of relatives connected through blood and marriage

two or more people living together, related by blood, marriage, or adoption

one or more people who occupy a house, apartment, or other residential unit

the social position that is the primary identifying characteristic of an individual

the social construction of race and the use of race to unequally distribute resources

the apparent and intended functions of institutions in society

less apparent, unintended, and often unrecognized functions in social institutions and processes