Reasons collaboration is integral in schools
Making informed decisions is easier with collaboration
IEP teams
Least-restrictive environment
Highly qualified teacher requirement
Assessment process
Transition
Discipline and behavior support plans
Paraprofessionals
Mediation and dispute resolution
(not sure on this question)
What is needed for collaboration to occur?
Personal commitment
Communication skills
Interaction processes
Programs or services (mentoring or coaching)
Context
Trust in one another
Parity
Equality in the collaboration
What school collaboration trends originate from SPED?
Response to intervention
Working together to create and use IEPs
MTSS
What are challenges in diverse families?
Nuclear (two parents and their child)
Single-parent
Blended (children from other relationships)
Extended families
Multigenerational
Foster families
Characteristics of collaboration
Voluntary
Requires parity among participants
Based on mutual goals
Shared responsibility for participation and decision making
Shared resources
Shared accountability for outcome
What are some stressors of collaboration?
School structure
Professional socialization
Power in the relationship
Pragmatic issues
Understanding the components of RTI
Data-driven
Working together to make good decisions using the data collected
Short answer: Define five components of collaboration
Voluntary: choosing to be involved
Parity: Equality
Mutual goals: shared interest or outcome
Shared responsibility: everyone doing their part
Shared accountability: following through, consequences affect everyone
Short answer: Define and give an example of interpersonal collaboration
a style for direct interaction between at least two coequal parties voluntarily engaged in shared decision making as they work toward a common goal
What is the most frequently used channels of communication?
nonverbal
Linear view
one way “information transfer” event in which a sender encodes, or constructs a message and delivers it to a receiver who decodes or or interprets it
ex. lecture, instructions, video, commands
Interactive view
two way process, information is exchanged between a sender and receiver who take turns speaking and listening
ex. visiting with a friend, teacher asking questions
Transactional view
concepts of sender and receiver are extended and blended as both participants are in roles simultaneously; both of them participate as communicators
ex. having multiple conversations at once
Unilateral view
transmit information through different channels as memos, podcasts and announcements over the schools public address system
Physical noise
sounds and visual distractions that interfere with exchange of info. ex: loud talking, public address announcement
Psychological noise
emotional barrier to distort communication
EX: daydreaming, worry, inappropriate choice of words
Physiological noise
conditions inside of the communicators
EX: physical discomfort or hearing loss
Visual noise
random visual stimulus:
EX: bright colors or flashing lights, physical clutter, posters
attending and selecting
show up, choose to pay attention to some things and ignoring others
Organizing
arrange info in some meaningful way; notes with headers and subheadings
Interpreting
finding the meaning in what you perceived
Negotiating
deciding what to keep in long-term memory and what to get rid of; being influenced by others or influencing them.
Components of culture
beliefs, values, norms, and social practices
Continuum of culture
High-Ambiguity-Tolerant and Low-Ambiguity-Tolerant
High- and Low-Context Cultures
Individualist and Collectivist Orientation
High-Ambiguity-Tolerant and Low-Ambiguity-Tolerant
high: uncertainty is a normal part of life
low: exert great effort to avoid uncertainty, threatened by uncertainty
High- and Low-Context Cultures
high: use lots of shorthand, meaning is implied by physical setting. inside jokes
Low: info is explicitly and precisely in words
Individualist and Collectivist Orientation
individualist: take care of your self and immediate family. independence, privacy
collectivist: loyalty to the group
Interpersonal communication
sharing info between two people
Frame of reference
the way you see the world that influences your decision making
Short answer: Four factors central to the development of communication competence
develop a skillset
choose and adapt behavior
watch yourself
communicate ethically with others as unique individuals
Short answer: Four steps for refining verbal and nonverbal communication skills
become a student of communication
nurture and communicate openness (no judgement)
keep communication meaningful: info matters to receiver
Use silence effectively: in speech flow, enhance meaning of message
Nonverbal cues
body language: facial expressions, posture, gestures
vocal cues: paralanguage
spatial relations
written communication
What is used to keep distance between you and others?
physical space due comfort level and past experiences
Barriers to listening
faulty assumptions
insufficient time for communication
daydreaming
rehearsing a response
filtering messages
distracted by noise
lack of training
Paralanguage
vocal rather than verbal component of language.
ex: tone, pitch, volume, speech rhythm, pacing or tempo, use of silence
Benefits of listening
essential to building relationships pg 63
obtain sufficient and accurate info to collaborate
Steps in listening process
hearing: receiving sound waves
attending: choose what to listen to and what to ignore
Understanding: making sense of what we hear, finding the meaning
responding: verbal and nonverbal feedback to the speaker
Remembering: recall info of the message
Categories of responding
prompting: encourage speaker to continue talking and show you are listening
paraphrase: restate what they have said (no inference)
reflecting: describe what they have said and try to find meaning in message
Questioning: asking questions to refine understanding
Effective ways to use email
Get a response to your message (important in subject line)
Be professional
Keep it short and easy to read
Avoid controversy
Take time to think
Develop an off-limits response (standard response for a different type of interaction)
Restate the topic
Use email judiciously (is it worth sharing)
Treat your email as nonconfidential
Treat others email as confidential
When should corrective feedback be used?
Immediately following behavior or event
How to give effective corrective feedback
nonjudgmental
descriptive not evaluative
specific
changeable behaviors
concise
well-timed
direct
culturally sensitive
Short answer: Four guidelines for effective listening
establish listening goals
eliminate distractions
talk less
avoid prejudgments
avoid interruptions
focus on the content of the spoken message
focus on the context of the message
Short answer: Four components of paralanguage
voice tone, pitch, volume, speech rhythm and pacing or tempo, use of timing of silence