Enzymes A-level Biology

Temporary bonds between certain amino acids in active site and groups on the substrate.

Hydrogen bonds

6

Active site changes shape as enzymes and substrate interact, enzyme moulds around the substrate, putting a strain on the substrate to distort it's bonds and lower it's activation energy.

Found that other molecules bind to enzyme in other places than the active site which altered the activity and shape of the enzyme. Shows enzyme has a flexible structure, not rigid.

-formation of products of the reaction -disappearance of the substrate

Begins to break hydrogen and other bonds in the enzyme making the active site change shape and so not fit to the substrates as well.

-alters charges of amino acids in active site so substrate no longer attached -may cause bonds in enzyme's tertiary structure (between polypeptides) to break, changing the shape of the active site if significant change in pH.

hydrogen and ionic bonds between -NH2 and -COOH groups of polypeptides that make up the enzyme

proportionate increase in rate of reaction

because there's more substrate than the enzymes can deal with.

increases in proportion to substrate concentration

Substances that directly or indirectly interfere with the function of the active site to reduce its activity

difference in concentration of inhibitor and concentration of substrate.

aren't permanently attached to active site so sooner or later all active sites will be attached to normal substrate but the more competitive inhibitors there are, the longer it takes.