Studied by 1 personDefine overreaching.
Increasing frequency/intensity/duration of an exercise for improvement.
Define overtraining.
overtraining is when an athlete attempts to do more training than he or she is able to physically and/or mentally tolerate.
Discuss indicators of overtraining in an athlete.
fatigue indicators including sleep disturbance, elevated resting HR/BP, unexplained decline in performance.
Describe the formation of sweat.
plasma is the source of sweat formation, sympathetic nervous system activates sweat glands.
Explain the impact of high humidity on performance during a 10-kilometre race.
lack of evaporation of sweat inhibits cooling, core temperature rises, having a negative effect on physiological functioning, leads to potential decreased performance.
Outline four features of a synovial joint
articular cartilage=reduces friction at ends of long bones. Synovial fluid= gives nutrients to joints, reduces friction. Meniscus= on distal end, more prevalent on lower limbs w/ more weight, acts as a shock absorber. Ligaments= stable joints, connect bone to bone.
Distinguish between slow twitch (type I) and fast twitch (type II) fibres
Type I, Slow: lower speed of contraction but can contract for longer, lower, slower, energy use.
Type II, Fast: Quick contraction but tires quickly and high energy use.
Which part of the long bone is labelled X in the diagram?
Yellow bone marrow
Which option is the most lateral in the anatomical position? A. Vertebral column B. Skull C. Tibia D. Fibula
D. Fibula
Which area of the vertebral column is labelled X in the diagram?
Thoracic
What is the name of the smooth tissue that covers and protects the surfaces of bones within synovial joints?
Articular Cartilage
Which of the terms below describes the reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or tissue?
Atrophy
Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton? A. Clavicle B. Sternum C. Femur D. Tarsals
B. Sternum
What feature of a synovial joint is described as a piece of cartilage that provides a cushion between 2 bones?
Meniscus
What is the definition of the term insertion?
The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
Which of the option only contains smooth muscle? A. Heart B. Semitendinosus C. Artery D. Iliopsoas
C. Artery
The metatarsals are a type of long bone. State another type of bone.
short bone, flat bone, irregular bone
Outline the functions of the following connective tissues: Ligaments, Tendons
tendon= muscle to bone
ligament= bone to bone
Which bone is part of the axial skeleton? A. Clavicle B. Pelvic girdle C. Sternum D. Radius
C. Sternum
What is the name of the bone indicated by label X in the diagram below?
Humerus
What is the name of the skeletal muscle indicated by X?
Sartorius
What is the main function of a tendon?
Strong, inelastic tissue that connects muscle to bone
What type of joint is the shoulder?
Ball and Socket joint
What is the insertion point for the biceps brachii?
Radius
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of:
The ulna relative to the humerus
distal or medial
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of:
the fibula relative to the tibia
lateral
Using anatomical terminology, state the location of:
the sternum relative to the scapula
anterior or medial
The diagram shows a skeletal muscle.
Name muscles A and B in the diagram
A: trapezius B: latissimus dorsi
Outline physical activity guidelines for the promotion of good health
WHO (World Health Organization) sets guidelines for good health. These are then adopted by different countries/governments and adapted to their citizens. Ex. Some countries may not allow women to play certain sports, 18-64 year olds should do at least 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity or 75-159 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity, should do muscle-strengthening activities at moderate or great intensity on 2 or more days a week, and should limit amount of time being sedentary.
Describe the aims of exercise in individuals with a hypokinetic disease
do what you can even if you have limited ability to do exercise
to alleviate or provide relief from symptoms such as stiffness, soreness, and depression
to reduce the need for medication
to reduce the risk of disease re-occurence
to help overcome social problems and psychological distress such as reduce stress and less judgement from other people
Discuss potential barrier to physical activity
uncontrolled disease state (so sick can’t exercise)
hazards of exercise (environment is accident prone)
musculoskeletal injuries (Torn ligaments, pulled muscles, broken bones, etc.)
triggering of other health issues (heart attack, asthma, respiratory tract infections, etc.)
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