Philosophy Exam 2

Knowledge or justification independent of experience or empirical evidence.

Knowledge or justification dependent on experience or empirical evidence.

Capable of making mistakes or errors; liable to be wrong.

A scenario where experiences are artificially generated, questioning reality.

Reasoning from specific observations to general conclusions.

General agreement among a group of people.

Statement that asserts its own falsehood, leading to contradictions.

Principle favoring the simplest explanation among competing hypotheses.

Dependency of properties on others, leading to correlated changes.

Argument for God's existence based on a first cause.

Argument for God's existence based on God as the greatest conceivable being.

Argument for God's existence based on apparent design in the universe.

Pragmatic argument for belief in God due to potential benefits.

Having complete knowledge; knowing all things.

Having unlimited power or ability; able to do anything.

Argument against God's existence due to evil in the world.

Evil resulting from human actions or decisions.

Evil arising from natural phenomena.

Sameness of qualities between entities.

Identity of an entity as itself over time or contexts.

Belief that all events are determined by prior causes, denying free will.

Test of a machine's intelligence through human interaction.

Hypothetical event where AI surpasses human intelligence.

View that knowledge is based on basic, self-evident beliefs.

View that justification relies on coherence within a belief system.

Evaluating beliefs based on practical consequences.

Doubts about knowledge beyond personal perceptions.

Asserting beliefs with unwavering confidence.

Truth based on accurate correspondence with reality.

View that only the natural world exists, rejecting supernatural entities.

Belief in a personal god who created and governs the universe.

Lack of belief in gods or deities.

Neither affirming nor denying the existence of gods.

View that everything is ultimately physical or reducible to it.

View that reality consists of two distinct substances or realms.

Defining mental states by their functional roles within a system.

Belief that determinism is true and incompatible with free will.

Belief that determinism is true but compatible with free will.

Belief in genuine free will not wholly determined by prior causes.

Philosopher known for foundationalism and dualism.

Philosopher advocating for a holistic approach to knowledge.

Pragmatist emphasizing practical consequences of beliefs.

Pragmatist highlighting the value of individual experience.

Empiricist philosopher advocating for tabula rasa.

Philosopher critiquing skepticism and defending common sense.

Philosopher known for defending common sense and ethics.

Empiricist skeptic famous for critiques of causality and religion.

Medieval philosopher known for the ontological argument for God.

Mathematician and philosopher known for Pascal's wager.

A contemporary philosopher renowned for his contributions to the philosophy of mind and language.

A famous experiment by Searle that questions the concept of strong artificial intelligence and computationalism in explaining consciousness.