fys exam 1

where rivers meet oceans and the fresh/salt water mixes, salinity is therefore varied

• challenge: salinity is inconsistent

• benefit: for fish who don’t rely on consistent salinity to survive

35%o (parts per thousand)

most land-water coverage

between high and low tide

least land-water coverage

open ocean

mid-depth

very deep

even deeper

so deep that it refers to hades, hell

all of the above zones

mountain on the ocean floor, volcanic origin

mountain chain

the continental plate that goes underneath, very deep, rocky bottom

the volcanic plate above

• organisms that can’t swim/move against a current

• larva of larger creatures

• can be plants

• very small, microscopic

• organisms that can swim against a current

• most fish

• epifauna

  • epi- “on top of” the surface of the ocean floor

  • snails

• infauna

  • live buried in the ocean floor

  • clams

microscopic organisms, usually food for small fish (worms, etc.)

associated with the bottom, but can swim

• rays

• flounder

• often covered in sand

smaller than 0.063 mm

between 0.063 mm and 5 mm

larger than 5mm

pretty much everything else thats visible

• +

  • evaporation, sea-ice formation

• -

  • precipitation, river runoff

ability to conduct an electrical current, varies with temp

refractive index, how much light bends when traveling through a liquid

• migration

  • feeding

  • mating/rearing young

water temp, coastal climates

• large ocean circulation/currents

• western side of oceans/eastern side of continents tend to be warmer.

• wind blows along the coast

• surface water is pushed away from the coast

• bottom water moves up

bottom water is

• cold

• full of nutrients

nutrients → photosynthesis → food→ lots of fish!

• winds shift

• water moves toward shore

• no upwelling

no upwelling → no nutrients → less photosynthesis → less food → fewer fish.