Types of modern materials
Metal foam, graphene, titanium
Modern materials
New materials developed to have properties that are useful when designing and making products
Metal foam
Lightweight, high compressive strength, can absorb energy well. Used in body armour, prosthetics and soundproofing
Titanium
High corrosive strength, high strength to density ration. Used in aircraft's , paint and sunscreen
Liquid crystal display
Laminated material of two layers of glass with crystal core. Used in digital watches, flat screen tv
Nano materials
Increases strength in materials without adding weight. 1billionth of a metre. Used in sports equipment, surface coating
Teflon
Slippery, un reactive. Used in clothing, surfaces of pans,
Corn starch polymers
Degradable, renewable source, food safe. Used in disposable cutlery, food packaging
Types of smart materials
Shape memory alloys, thermochromic pigment, photochromic pigment
Smart materials definition
Materials with properties that change reversibly in response to change in surroundings.
Shape memory alloy
Remember specific shape by heat or electric current. When bent out of shape will return to original shape. Used in glasses frames, orthodontic braces
Thermochromic pigments
Changes colour or opacity with temp. May transform from opaque to transparent. Used for test strips, t-shirts that change colour
Phosphorescent pigment
Glow in the dark materials that respond to light. Absorb energy from natural sources and emit light into dark. Used in watch faces,toys,stickers
Photochromic pigments
Changes colour or opacity with level of ultraviolet light. Used in spectacles, clothing
Types of composite materials
Glass reinforced plastic, carbon fibre reinforced plastic, concrete
Glass reinforced plastic
Combines strands of glass fibre which are strong with a flexible polymer. Used to make hulks for yachts,car bodies
Concrete
Good compressive strength, used for bridges, paths
Carbon fibre reinforced plastic
High tensile strength, expensive, lightweight. Used in aerospace industry,motor racing
Types of technical textiles
Gortex fabrics, Kevlar,conductive fabrics, fire resistant fabrics, microfibres
Technical textiles definition
Textile materials and products that are manufactured for their technical performance rather than aesthetics characteristics
Conductive Fabrics
fabrics that have conductive fibres woven into them. Not good conductor. Used in fencing suits
Fire resistant fabrics
Lightweight, fireproof,flexible. Used for nightwear, fire fighter suits
Kevlar
Strong, lightweight, does not melt. Used in bullet proof vests, helmets, table tennis bats
Gore - tex
a waterproof fabric that is able to breath by letting water vapor pass through it. Used in trainers, walking boots
Microfibres
a tightly woven microfibre used as a lining fabric. Durable, breathable, thin. Used in sportswear,outdoor furnishings