Hypothesis meaning
A statement about what the researcher expects to find.
Null hypothesis meaning
A general statement that the observed variables will have no impact as there is no relationship between them. E.g. "watching television before bed has no impact on how fast you fall asleep"
Alternative hypothesis meaning
A prediction that one variable will affect the other. E.g. "watching scary movies before bed affects how fast you fall asleep"
Independent variable (IV) meaning
Manipulated by the experimenter
Dependent variable (DV) meaning
Measured by the experimenter
Extraneous variables (EVs) meaning
Affect the study and make it difficult to know whether it is the IV that affects the DV.
Demand characteristics meaning
They are cues that might indicate the studies aims to participants. These cues can leas to participants changing their behaviour.