CTE Exam Review

divides body into left & right

divides body into anterior & posterior

divides body into superior & inferior

patient lies flat on the back

patient lies on the abdomen w/ head turned to either side

patient lies on the back w/ feet elevated

adipose, ligaments, tendons, & cartilage

stores fat cells

strong, flexible, bands that hold bones firmly together by the joints

white bands that attach skeletal muscle to bone

digestive, respiratory, & urinary

double walled membrane that produces serous fluid

lines thoracic cavity & protects lung

skin turns blue due to lack of oxygen

the release of blood from a broken blood vessel

synthesizes bone matrix protein & minerals

lines the inside of fully formed bones & maintain bone tissue

degrade bone to initiate bone remoldeling

fluid-filled sac that works as a cushion between tissues in joints

a hole through which nerves and blood vessels pass

the formation of blood

soft spot on a baby’s head

lubricating substance in joints

shoulders & hips

knees, elbows, & joints of the fingers

radius & ulna, axis & atlas

vertebrae

a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe

a foot condition in which the toe has an abnormal bend in the middle joint

a common form of inflammatory arthritis caused by hyperuricemia (too much uric acid in the body)

softening of the bones due to a lack of vitamin D & calcium

bones become weak & brittle due to lack of calcium

imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of bones

sx-delayed growth, bow legs weakness

causes- lack of vitamin D in children

tx- supplements

a fracture resulting in bone splinters

fracture where the bone breaks skin

fracture due to the bending of the bone

bone is broken but skin is intact

tiny cracks in bone due to repetitive force

exaggerated forward rounding of the upper back

excessive inward curvature of the spine; common in pregnant women

side-ways curvature of the spine

a birth defect in which the spine fails to develop properly

inflammation of the joints

a type of arthritis where the flexible tissue of a joint breaks down

an autoimmune disorder that attacks the joints

the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

without oxygen

a thin causing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber, and muscle in place

smooth, skeletal, & cardiac

voluntary & striated muscle tissue that are attached to bone by tendons

involuntary & visceral muscle that is found in the walls of the digestive system, uterus & blood vessels

involuntary muscle found in the heart

circular muscles in openings of esophagus & stomach, stomach & small intestine, anus, urethra, & mouth

the ability of a muscle to reduce the distance between the parts of its contents or the space it surrounds (to flex)

to the ability to respond to certain to certain stimuli

the ability to be stretched

ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxing

the part of a skeletal muscle that is attaches to a fixed bone (it moves the least)

the art of the skeletal muscle that moves during contractions

neuromuscular junction

a chronic condition that causes pain & tenderness throughout the body; more common in older aged women

intestinal organ pushed through an opening in the muscle lining

sudden involuntary contractions of a muscle; usually caused by overuse of muscle & dehydration

tear to the muscle fibers or tendon; RICE for treatment

inflammation of a tendon

a genetic condition that causes progressive weakness & loss of muscle mass; usually affects boys

serious illness caused by clostridium bacteria (found on rusty metals)

superficial injuries of the skin & visceral linings of the body

a genetic disorder that is characterized by little or no melanin production; causes white hair, pale skin, & red or grey eyes

an autoimmune disorder that causes damage to hair follicles which results in hair loss

a group of pus-filled bumps forming a connected area of infection under the skin

inflammation of the skin

an organ that produces & releases substances with specific purposes

a highly contagious but mild infection that is characterized by yellow crust; usually in children

a protein that helps form hair, nails & epidermis

a flat, distinct, discolored area of the skin; freckles, flat moles, & port-wine stains

a substance that produces pigmentation in hair, eyes & skin

a cell found in melanosomes that produces melanin

a cause of staph infections that is very difficult to treat due to its resistance to antibiotics

cx- staphylococcus bacterium

sx- bumps that are red, swollen, painful, pus filled & accompanied by a fever

tx- oral clindamycin or IV vancomycin

a solid or cystic raised spot on the skin

itchy skin

a skin disease that causes a rash with itchy & scaly patches; most common on the knees, elbows, trunk & scalp

pus-filled bump (pimple)

an oily substance produced in the sebaceous glands; forms a protective coating on the skin’s surface

the most outer layer of the skin that acts as a barrier from water exciting & bacteria; waterproof due to keratin

the deepest layer, separated from the dermis by the basal lamina & is attached to it by hemidesmosomes

a swelling of a part of the body causes by an abnormal growth of tissue

a sore on the visceral lining of an organ

a raised itchy rash

a thin-walled sac filled with a fluid

hard growths on the heel or balls of the feet caused by HPV

a translucent layer of the epidermis that regulates temperature & amount of water released into the environment

a thin layer of cells in the epidermis that accumulates dense basophilic keratohyalin granules that forma waterproof layer

a layer of the epidermis that makes the skin strong & flexible

ridges in stratum basale that arise from dermis that help with grip

Outer layer of hair

inner layer of hair

a tiny muscle that attaches to the base of a hair follicle at one end and to dermal tissue on the other end