Authoritarian States

• established Rule by Decree in emergency

• Chancellor would be appointed by President

• Created Reichstag elections

Recruited unemployed young men

Hitler partakes in an attempt to seize power from “weak” German government (allowed the French occupation of the Ruhr). Failed and Hitler tried for treason

Reichstag building set on fire by Dutch Communists and used as anti-communist party propaganda by Hitler

Allowed the chancellor (Hitler to govern unchecked)

• passed by 2/3 majority as Hitler won over votes of other parties

• brought all parliaments under Nazi control

• outlawed other political parties

  • began to remove Jews from public offices

arrested and executed leader of the SA: Ernest Rohm. Constructed fake evidence to blame Rohm for “planning” a putsch against Hitler

• the SA was surpassed by a new branch of the military: the SS

secret police working to expose “enemies of the state,” free to arrest whomever however

• functioned due to the aid of the German public’s information

the oath the the German military took pledging allegiance to Hitler, not the state

5 students and a Professor released pamphlets concerning Hitler’s inhumane regime. Exposed by a school newspaper and were all guillotined

Appointed financer and solved hyperinflation and urged large companies to vote for the Nazis. Opposed rapid rearmament (would be bad for the recovering economy) so he was replaced

end high unemployment through public works projects.

• young men were forced to join the National Labor Service for 6 months to learn basic skills

Goering replaced Schact as financer

• make Germany and Autarky

• tighter control on Labor

• Import controls

• create synthetic rubber and oil to avoid imports

fully independent state

• can produce all products from own resources

• no necessity for exports or imports

Stated that editors were responsible for what was published in their papers. Used to control the media through fear

early education programs to spread Nazi ideology

vote to be held in the Saarland (land taken from Germany in the Treaty of Versailles) to be reunited with Germany. Before the election took place, Nazis were sent on a propaganda campaign resulting in a Nazi victory in the vote and unification with Germany

Germany demands that Austria give way to Austrian Nazi party’s want to reunite with Germany (Anschluss)

German troops flooded the Germany-Austrian border and Austrian government resigned

German demands sent to Czechoslovakia to give up the ethnically German Sudetenland (given up in the Munich Agreement)

Founded the Guomindang and wanted to follow Japan in adopting western values

End of Qing Dynasty and Yuan Shikai comes to power

Weak Leader

• allowed Japanese occupation of Chinese territory

• borrowed lots of money from abroad

• abdicated in 1916

provincial leaders with private armies after restoration to republic following Shikai’s abdication

Newly formed Chinese Communist Party and Guomindang join forces to oust war lords (ended in the Long March after Chiang Kai Shek attacked the CCP)

The CCP fled from the GMD to the rural parts of China

Marxist theory but putting China first

• Mao did not believe in the dialectic as China did not have a proletariat (mostly rural farmers not industrial workers)

party members had to publicly self-criticize

People’s Liberation Army sent to Tibet, Xinjiang, and Guangdong to impose martial law

Confiscate and redistribute land from land owning elites to peasants

Peoples Republic of China encouraged citizens to openly criticize the government. Resulted in a lot of backlash to those that spoke out

sought to increase yield in order to export more crops to break free of soviet hold on China

• Worked in communes that would separate men and women

• Farmers couldn’t adapt to new cultivation necessities and yield fell drastically

Mao’s fear campaigns begin

• Cult of Mao

• The Little Red Book

• Fired any suspected Revisionists

• Attack on the Old 4s (traditional values)

• Young Men became Red Guards