Water and Carbon definitions

The process through which water evaporates through the stomata in plants' leaves

All of the water existing on or within the solid surface of the Earth (all states, liquid, gas or ice)

Zone of all living things (flora and fauna)

The rock shell of the Earth’s surface

The blanket of air that surrounds the Earth’s surface

All frozen forms of water (ice caps, glaciers, permafrost)

Addition of snow to a glacier

The loss of ice from a glacier

(Annual hydrograph) represents the variations in of river discharge over a given year

Represents how a river’s responds to one storm/rainfall event.

The point/time of highest precipitation

When river discharge is increasing

When river discharge is decreasing

The point when the river’s discharge is at its highest

the difference in time between peak precipitation and peak discharge (the time between when rainfall is heaviest and discharge is highest)

A type of geographical model that removes incidental detail to highlight fundamental relationships

An assembly of interrelated parts (elements) that work together by way of some driving process (flow)

A system that has transfers of energy both into and beyond the system boundary but where there is no transfer of matter

A system where matter and energy can be transferred from the system across the boundary into the surrounding environment

The state in which there is a balance between the input and output of a system

The main supply of water to the channel under normal conditions (water that reaches the channel largely through slow throughflow and from permeable rock below the water table)

(above base flow) All the water entering the river via throughflow (the movement of water through soil) or via surface run off

The amount of rivers and streams on the surface of a drainage basin divided by its area

the natural process by which (greenhouse) gases in the atmosphere absorb long wave radiation (or heat energy) from the earth

Where human activities increase the concentration of greenhouse gases (CO2, Methane, Halocarbons)

Where the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared (heat) radiation is upset the current level of radiative forcing (is estimated at. 1.6 watts/m2)

The balance of carbon transfers between stores and sinks