Chapter 3: The Nature of Evidence

Categorizing an item in a set or class that has one and only one member.

Testimony that is given by a witness who relates not what he or she knows personally, but what others have said, and that is therefore dependent on the credibility of someone other than the witness.

The ________ in space is an inherently non- provable situation.

Two things which previously have never been in contact with each other have items on them which are analytically indistinguishable at a certain class level.

________- the examination of the chemical and physical properties of an object and using them to categorize the object as a member of a group.

Evidence that will establish a fact or sustain a judgment unless contradictory evidence is produced.

________ is critical to a trial; it provides the foundation for the arguments the attorneys plan to offer.

An undesired transfer of information between items of evidence.

Evidence that has unknown sources.

Proposing and refining of plausible explanations about any unknown situation.

Done to try to establish the source of evidence.

Materials whose source is known and which are used for comparison with unknown evidence.

It states that information is transferred when two things come into contact.

Evidence so strong as to overbear any other evidence to the contrary

Irreconcilable evidence that comes from different sources

Evidence that differs from but strengthens or confirms other evidence

Evidence that is discovered as a result of illegally obtained evidence and is therefore inadmissible because of the primary taint

Evidence tending to establish a criminal defendants innocence

Evidence that determines the admissibility of other evidence

Evidence tending to establish guilt or from which a fact trier can infer guilt

Evidence deemed true and sufficient unless discredited by other evidence

Evidence that tends to prove or disprove a point in issue

Evidence offered to disprove or contradict the evidence presented by an opposing party

Evidence that is inadmissible because it was directly or indirectly obtained by illegal means

Evidence that is transferred from a source to a location with no intermediaries

A Locard's principle, which states that every contact leaves its trace, whether that be someone entering or leaving a scene or someone leaves or picking up evidence

Evidence that is known where the sample originated

Serious errors because they can cause a person to be falsely incriminated in a crime

Not really serious errors, which means that a person may be falsely exonerated from a crime that he or she really did commit

Particular questions are tested