1.6: The cell cycle and division

Protein that DNA is wound around.

Made up of histones and DNA, only visible prior to cell division.

Two copies of an exact chromatid, which lie parallel and are joined in the middle.

Join sister chromatids together.

Number of complete sets of chromosomes in an organism.

Number of chromosomes in a complete set.

Two sets of homologous chromosomes.

Organisms with more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

Symbol for haploid number.

Phase of the cell cycle where growth and synthesis occur.

Type of cell division where two genetically identical daughter nuclei are produced.

Division of the cytoplasm to produce two genetically identical daughter cells.

Longest of the four stages of the cell cycle stages, where chromosomes condense and spindle fibres are produced.

Formed by the centrioles to produce spindle fibres.

Extend from pole to pole, and pull chromatids apart.

Relatively short stage where the centromeres of the chromatids attach to the spindle fibres in a line.

Stage of the cell cycle where the centromeres divide and are pulled to the poles centromere first.

Final stage of the cell cycle, when the nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes.

Type of cell division four genetically diverse daughter cells are produced.

Pairs of homologous chromosomes, with one maternal and one paternal, formed through synapsis.

Process of forming bivalents.

Place where equivalent segments of DNA are exchanged.

Term for equivalent segments of DNA exchanging across a chiasma, happens during prophase 1.

Bivalents lining up at the equator randomly, therefore a randomised combination of maternal and paternal chromosomes going into each daughter cell. Occurs during metaphase 1 and 2.

How cytokinesis occurs in animals, formed when the mother cell pinches inwards.

How cytokinesis happens in plants, formed when carbohydrate containing vesicles collect on the equator and extend outwards, forming a lamella.

Percentage of cells currently going through mitosis.

Made from DNA and is wrapped around histones to make a chromosome.

A single histone wrapped with chromatin, many of these make a chromosome.

One chromosome is from the mother and one from the father, also known as matching pairs. Occurs in diploid species.

Occurs in plant cells. When the cell plate extends across the cell due to cellulose building up on each side.

Genes that prevent rapid replication, which can cause tumours.

Tumour supressor genes before alteration that makes them cause cancer