Health Assessment Exam 2

___________________ , another form of malnutrition, occurs when the intake of nutrients EXCEEDS the metabolic needs of the body to maintain normal growth, development, and metabolism.

Overnutrition can actually develop into obesity, increasing risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cancer, gallbladder disease, and sleep apnea which can affect the _________________.

Can alcohol or other diuretic fluids like coffee and soft drinks affect hydration?

Alcohol, diuretic medications, diabetic clients with severe hyperglycemia, high fevers affect _____________?

How any OZ of water should you take a day?

What is the most beneficial nutrition status which requires a balance of nutrient intake to meet daily metabolic demands?

Will people with optimal nutritional status have an improved immune system, more energy for activities, and will heal more readily?

What are the two variations from optimal nutritional status that are two forms of malnutrition?

Several disorders are associated with undernutrition (i.e. psychiatric disorders that lead to chronic dieting, depression, anorexia nervous, bulimia, dementia). Other reasons can be due to illnesses or medical conditions that come from subtle symptoms early in the disease to profound malnutrition due to ________________ demands late in the disease.

What are two conditions that often experience undernutruition due to increased energy demands that normal nutrition cannot cover?

There are two forms of hydration which include dehydration and overhydration. Which type affects those with kidney, liver, and cardiac diseases who have fluid dynamic mechanisms impaired?

Name the first symptoms of foodborne disease or poisoning? (4 of them)

Name the most common allergies? (Think of our kahoot game)

Name the symptoms of a severe or anaphylactic response (allergy) to food (12 of them)

Name the symptoms of a mild anaphylactic response (allergy) to food. (There are 16 of them) these symptoms can be nonspecific and difficult to associate with a particular food

Food allergy is an immune system response while __________________ results from a digestive system irritation or when the digestive system is unable to break down or properly digest the food. Symptoms include, nausea, stomach pain, gas, bloating, cramps, heartburn, headaches, irritability, nervousness

Foods such as spices and herbs have side effects that can interfere with _______________ or with conditions such as coagulation (clotting).

Many spices that are anti-inflammatory such as turmeric, ginger, and cinnamon have an ______________ effect.

Other foods and supplements such green leafy vegetables and coenzyme Q10 have a ____________ effect.

When evaluating anthropometric data, extreme shortness is seen in ___________ and Turner syndrome. Extreme tallness is seen in ___________ and in Marian syndrome.

Make sure to know the calculation to find BMI. A high BMI is associated with different disorders (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, etc. ). A BMI of 30 or more is considered _______.

Excess fat deep within the abdominal cavity is known as ____________ and is associated with higher health risks than subcutaneous fat and may be an independent predictor of health risks even when BMI falls within normal range.

Right Lung has _____ lobes and Left lung has _____ lobes.

________ is identified as the portion of the body extending fro the base of the neck superiorly to the level of the diaphragm inferiority.

The lungs, distal portion of the trachea, and the bronchi are located IN the Thorax which makes up the __________.

The outer structure of the thorax refers to as the __________. The thoracic cavity contains the respiratory complenents.

The ____________ is constructed of the sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, muscles, and cartilage. It provides support and protection for important organs including lower respiratory system.

The _________ or breastbone, lies in the center of the chest anteriorly and is divided into three parts: manubrium, the body, and the diploid process.

The manubrium (top part of sternum) connects laterally with the ________ and the first two pairs of ribs. The collarbones extend from the manubrium to the acromion (top pointy edge part) of the scapula (back shoulder blade).

The U-shaped indentation located on the superior border of the manubrium is an important landmark known as the _____________. A few cm below this is a bony ridge that can be palpated at the point where the manubrium articulates (form a joint) with the body of the sternum.

The 12 pairs of ribs constitute the main structure of the _______. They are numbered superior to interior with the supper being number one. Anteriorly, the first seven pairs articulate with the sternum by way of costal cartilages.

What is the normal ratio of the anteroposterior to transverse diameter?

When you palpate the anterior and posterior thorax, what are you looking for?

You need to assess the anterior and posterior thorax expansion, What are you looking for as you do this?

When percussing for tone on the thorax, what are you looking for?

When inspecting the respiratory breaths, what are you looking for as the patient breaths?

The patient's nails are a ruddy to purple color, what condition would they might have?

The patient's nail beds are over 160, what condition is this?

The patient's nail beds are over 180, what condition is this?

Pal or cyanotic nails can be due to ________

When INSPECTING the configuration of anterior and posterior thorax, you are looking for signs of _________? (3 of them)

When observing the use of accessory muscles and intercostal spaces, you are looking at the __________ position and the _________ expansion.

What are the three types of normal breath sounds that may be auscultated?

When auscutating lung sounds, you would auscultate from the ________ slightly above the clavicles to the bases of the lungs at the sixth rib.

When auscultating voice sounds, for bronchophony, you would as the patient to repeat the phrase "_________" while the auscultate the chest wall.

When auscultating voice sounds, for Egophony, the patient would repeat the letter "________" while you listen over the chest wall.

When auscultating voice sounds, for Whispered pectoriloquy, you would ask the patient to whisper the phrase " _________" while you listen to the chest wall.

In the Trachea and thorax, A bronchial sounds is what pitch?

Over the major bronchi, the bronchovesicular sound is what pitch?

Over the peripheral lung fields, the vesicular sound is what pitch?

The 11th and 12th Paris of ribs are called "_________" because they do not connect to either the strum or another pair of ribs anteriorly.

The "floating ribs" or the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs are attached posteriorly to the _______ and their anterior tips are free and palpable.

The spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra which is also called vertebra primonens can be easily felt with the client's ______ flexed.

_____________ is seen in starvation and liver disease.

Petechiae are freckle-like spots on skin that what color?

_________ is the severe discoloration of skin due to the rupture of blood vessels below the surface of the skin.

Why does height begin to wane in the fifth decade of life because the ________________________ and ________________.

(IBW= Ideal Body weight) What is the formula to calculate the client's percentage of IBW?

A BMI of 30 or more is considered ________?

Is it healthier for the human body to be shaped like an apple or a pear?

Weight gains or losses of 6-10 lbs in 1 week or less indicate a major ________. A change of 2.2lb (1 kg) is equal to a loss or gain of 1 L of fluid.

When assessing the client's blood pressure, you need to measure in all 3 positions which include lying, sitting, and standing. When moving from lying to standing position, BP drops more than 20 mmHg, this would indicate a ______________, especially if the pulse rate is also elevated.

Tenting can indicate fluid loss but it is also present in _________ and _________ in older adults. This finding must be correlated with other hydration findings.

Pitting edema is a sign of ____________ especially in cardiac and renal diseases.

Lower the client' arm or leg and observe how long it takes to fill. Then raise the arm or leg and watch how long it takes to empty. This procure is to assess ____________. Veins fill up and empty in 3-5 seconds. Taking more than 6 seconds suggests fluid volume deficit.

Neck veins can be easier to observe in what position?

In the supine position with the neck being assessed while the head is at 45 degrees, flat veins may indicate ____________.

When inspecting the tongue, the tongue is dry with visible papillae and several longitudinal furrows. This suggests __________ and ___________.

Sunken eyes with deep, dark circles indicate what?

When auscultating lung sounds, loud or harsh breath sounds indicate a decreased ___________. Friction rubs may also be heard, Crackling indicates increased fluid, as in interstitial fluid sequestration (i.e. pulmonary edema)

What 4 laboratory tests can help indicate anemia or other nutritional disorders in obese patients?

In the thoracic cavity, the mediastinum contains the trachea, bronchi, esophagus, heart, and great vessels and is the space that lies between the _________.

The c-shaped rings help to maintain the trachea's shape and prevent its collapse during respiration. What is the c-shaped rings that compose the trachea called?

Which main bronchi is shorter and more vertical, Laing aspirated objects more likely to enter the right lung than the left?

The bronchi and trachea represent what space isn't eh respiratory system where air is transported but no gas exchange takes place?

The bronchi and trachea, which makes up the "dead" space, function primarily as a passageway for both _______ and ________ air. They are lined with the mucous membranes containing CILIA (hair-like projections that help sweep dust, foreign bodies, and bacteria that is trapped by the mucus toward the mouth for removal)

As inspired air travels through the trachea into the main bronchi and continued through the system, the bronchi repeatedly bifurcate into smaller passageways known as ______________. These will eventually terminate at the alveolar ducts and air is channeled into the alveolar sacs, which continua the alveoli.

During a comprehensive physical assessment at a home visit, a client reports chest discomfort. What is the first action of the nurse?

While assessing the thoracic area of an adult client, the nurse plans to auscultate for voice sounds. To assess bronchophony, the nurse should ask the client to _______.

A 62-year-old Pt has a chronic cough and occasional shortness of breath that lasted for almost 1 year. The cough has occasional mucus drainage. No chest pain, weight gain, weight loss, fever, or night sweats. Smokes two packs a day for the last 45 years and drinks occasionally. BP is normal and pulse is normal, respirations are normal. The diameter of the chest seems enlarged and breath sounds are decreased throughout all lobes. Rhonchi is heard over all lung fields. What disorder might this most likely be?

A depression in the lower portion of the sternum is called ____________? Do not confuse with barrel chest****

True or False: A client with lobar pneumonia would have muffled and indistinct spoken voice sounds.

The spinous process termed the vertebra prominent is in which cervical vertebra?

An assessment of the lungs and thorax reveals excess mucus production and chronic cough. What condition is this?

The client has been admitted through the emergency department with chronic bronchitis, has elevated CO2 levels, and has been placed on O2. What priority assessment would the nurse include?

What should be the nurse's initial intervention when adventitious sounds are heard during auscultation of a client's lungs?

A high-pitched crowing sound from the upper airway results from tracheal or laryngeal spasm and is called what?

Pt has shortness of breath and a nocturnal cough. On auscultation of chest, there is decreased air movement and a high-pitched whistling on expiration in all lobes. Percussion reveals resonant lungs. PT has past seasonal allergies. What condition is this?

An elderly client reports a feeling of displeasure with normal activities of daily living. What is an appropriate action by the nurse?

In respiratory, a pain caused by inflammation of parietal pleura is usually described as a sharp, stabbing pain that increases with deep breathing is called?

True or False. A burning sensation with a cough may be seen in tracheobronchitis.

__________ pain is often squeezing or burning, a sharp or tight feeling in the chest as if something is stuck in the throat. If acid reflux is the cause of esophagitis, the pain may be worse after meals or lying flat. Antacids or belching may relieve it.

White or mucous sputum is often seen with __________.

Yellow or green sputum is often associated with _________.

Brown or Black sputum indicates ___________ and is seen with more serious respiratory conditions.

Rust-colored sputum is associated with _________.

Pink, frothy sputum may indicate ___________.

What two classes of medications are associated with the side effect of persistent cough and be contraindicated with some respiratory problems like asthma?

Poor _________ status is often seen in clients with COPD and is a predictor of mortality. There appears to be an " obesity paradox" in COPD clients; obesity seems to have a protective effect.

Vaping or electronic cigarettes are a popular alternative to smoking and are a form of _____________ (for teens who never smoked before).