AP Psych Ch. 16 Vocabulary

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system

an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapist's interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight

therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)

empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety by creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises