Histology Quiz 9

what does the trachea branch into?

how do bronchi narrow to conduct gas exchange?

bronchi function

structure of bronchi

major change between bronchi and bronchioles

structure of bronchioles

- Specialized cells found in terminal and respiratory bronchiole epithelia \n • Clara cells have domed, non-ciliated apical surfaces \n • Cytoplasm includes secretory granules and SER

Functions of clara cells

bronchus or bronchiole? how is it identified?

bronchus or bronchiole? how is it identified?

what structures in lungs are capable of gas exchange and how do they branch?

what allows gas exchange to occur as airways narrow?

where does the most gas exchange occur?

Respiratory bronchiole structure

Alveolar ducts and alveoli structure

Very thin squamous epithelial cells, majority of cells in alveoli for gas exchange

larger epithelial cells that produce surfactants

macrophages in alveoli that phagocytose inhaled particles and pathogens

functions of the skin

layers of the skin (outside to inside)

what type of epithelium in the epidermis?

where is the kertinized epidermis thinnest?

where is the kertinized epidermis thickest?

what is the appearance of a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium basement membrane?

tough, strong, resilient protein fiber that forms intermediate filaments inside the epithelial cells in the epidermis

why do cells in the upper levels of skin become keratinized?

name for cells of the epidermis

epidermis cells that are attached to the basement membrane; includes mitotically active stem cells whose division continuously replenishes the epithelium

epidermis layers from youngest up

Metabolically active epidermis cells

-cells undergoing keratinization and producing lipid secretions to prevent water loss

-visibly darker stained epidermis layer

thin layer of epidermis cells completing keratinization

dead, fully keratinized, protective apical cells

what are the “spines” in the stratum spinosum and their function?

what are the basophilic protein masses in the stratum. granulosum called?

how does stratum granulosum prevent dehydration?

name the epidermis layers

where are melanocytes found?

-cells that produce black or brown pigments for the skin that protects from UV light

-recognizable by pale cytoplasm

-population of skin-resident macrophages

-function as immune cells in phagocytosis and antigen presentation

where are langerhans cells mostly found, how are they identified?

Epidermis sensory cells that can respond to light touch

numbers then letters

why is the epidermis prone to cancer?

underlying supportive connective tissue directly under epidermis

interface with epidermis; loose CT and blood vessels (must supply blood to epidermis!)

dense irregular CT that surrounds hair follicles and glands; contains nerves and vasculature

found in dermis for flexibility

why is the interface between the dermis and epidermis wavy?

what occurs when the epidermis and papillary dermis become detatched

name the epidermis layers

in which layers are the cells dead (fully keratinized)?

Which layer produces lipids for water retention?

Which layer contains stem cells?

Which layer contains specialized desmosomes to maintain epithelial integrity and confer resistance to mechanical stress and abrasion?

name these skin layers then blue and red arrows

when does blood travel through papillary loops?

what is used when its cold to maintain internal body temperature?

• Nerve endings in skin – either encapsulated \n and/or formed into semi-organized structures, \n or existing as free nerve endings with no \n myelin or capsule

what is the function of sensory receptors?

-located in dermal papillae directly under epidermis

-sensitive to light touch

what structure?

-Located in dermis or subcutaneous layer of skin

-less sensitive, sense vibrations or pressure

-Concentric circular layers of axons and Schwann cells, encapsulated by CT

what structure?

Which sensory structure and what is its function?

Which sensory structure and what is its function?

from where do hair follicles form?

what makes up the hair

-At base of hair follicle \n • Includes hair (dermal) papilla \n • Also includes bulb matrix

includes melanocytes and epidermal stem cells that are \n actively dividing and undergoing keratinization to produce the hair

- Encompasses the hair as it extends towards the skin surface

• Includes inner epithelial root sheath and outer connective \n tissue root sheath

innermost cells of the hair

surround the medulla in the hair, most densely packed with keratin

thin outer layer of squamous cells on hair

discreet basement membrane secreted by hair follicle root epithelial cells

smooth muscle attached to hair

glands always associated with hair follicles that produce lipids to protect hair and epidermis

what type of glands are sebaceous glands

what is holocrine secretion?

name the structure of the hair follicle

functions of sweat

widely distributed sweat glands– temperature regulation and waste disposal

armpits, genitalia, eyelid – pheromone production (vestigial in humans)

where are sweat glands located?

structure of eccrine sweat glands

hoe do eccrine ducts vs glands stain

what epithelium is found in sweat ducts?

major difference in apocrine sweat gland appearance

identify the sweat glands