Studied by 25 peopleAmerigo Vespucci (Italian explorer)
“America” named in his honor
Three Sisters
important crops": corn, beans, and squash
What was Iroquois?
The Five Nations or Six Nations confederacy of Native Americans located in PA, NY, and Qubec
Tribes of Iroquois
Mohawk, Onondaga, Seneca, Onedia, Cayuga, (later added) Tuscarora
Matrilineal
Clan mothers Chose male members to represent each tribe at Grand Council
Haudenoshaunne
“People of the Longhouse”
Wampum Belt
White and purple beads
Confederacy (Confederation)
Unified alliance of Independence States
Formation of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy
When Tuscarora joined the Five Nations and became the Six Nations
Great Law of Peace
Peace alliance between the tribes
How did the Formation of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy influence the Founding Fathers?
Lead them to choose a US federalist form of gov.
Where were the Inuit located?
The Artic and Northwest
Igloos
Temporary structures used during traveling
What did the Inuit hunt?
Seal, caribou, fish, walrus, and reindeer
What did the Inuit use hunt and fish?
Harpoons and spears made from antler and narwhal tusks
“Kayak”
small, sealskin boats used by the Inuit to fish
Olmecs (1200 BCE - 400 BCE)
“rubber people” named for being near rubber trees
Mesoamerica
modern day Mexico
Olmec cities
San Lorenzo and La Venta
About how many Olmec heads have been found?
20
Olmec Heads
Average weight: 8 tons
Craved from single basalt boulder
Ornate headgear
All Olmec Heads look the same?
FALSE - their all distinct
The Olmec used beasts of burden to move the Olmec Heads?
FALSE - they had none
The Olmec used metal tools to make the Olmec Heads?
FALSE - none used
What are theories of the purpose of the Olmec Heads?
Religious reasons
Kings
Ballplayers
Teotihuacan (100 BCE - 800 CE)
“The Place Where the Gods Were Created”
Who discovered and named the Teotihuacan?
The Aztecs
Where were the Teotihuacan people located?
30 miles northeast of Mexico City
Was Teotihuacan the largest city in the Western Hemisphere (pre-1400s)? + how many inhabitants?
TRUE ; 100 - 200k inhabitants
The Teotihuacan had a written language and depictions of the leaders?
FALSE
What was the layout of the Teotihuacan city?
Organized grid layout
Where are the Maya located?
Yucatan Peninsula, modern Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize
How many Mayans are here today and how many languages do they have?
5 million Mayans + 70 languages
A Mayan city + its population
Tikal; 100,000 inhabitants
Religion of the Maya
Nature as sacred
Sun, moon, rain, lightning, jaguars
Ritual human sacrifice
Temples and pyramids
Ulama - ball game
Ulama
A sacred ball game played by the Mayans that was part of their religion
What did the Mayan use as a writing system?
Hieroglyphs
Accomplishments of the Mayan
Calendar
Use of mathematics and Astronomy
Large pyramids and temples
Suspected reasons for the Maya decline
Invasion
Internal revolt
Volcanic eruption
Overuse of land
Alien abduction
When Cortez of Spain arrived in Veracruz, Mexico (1519) what did the Aztecs think?
Led by Montezuma II, they believed Cortez was the return of Quetzalcoatl
The Aztec (1300-1521) population
4 million by 1500
Where were the Aztec located?
Valley of Mexico
Where was Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital) located?
Modern day Mexico on Lake Texcoco; “Place of the stone and prickly pear cactus”
Story behind the Aztecs capital
Prophesize that when the sight of an eagle perched on a cactus eating a snake would be the place where they would build
Chinampas
Swampy islands with canals that provided water for crops
“Floating Gardens”
Used by the Aztec
What religion were the Aztec?
Polytheism
What was Temple Mayor?
Temple dedicated to the Aztec god Huitzilopochtli
Where were the Inca located + their capital?
Modern day Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador; Capital = Cuzco
Inca civilization was on the ground?
FALSE - in the Andes Mountains 11,000 ft elevation
What types of farming did the Inca do and what animal did they have?
Terraced farming for POTATOES; Llams
Machu Picchu
Ceremonial city of the Inca
Quipu
Knotted strings used as a system of record keeping for the Inca (counting only)
Tepee
circular tent made by stretching Buffalo skin over a wooden poles
Obsidan
A dark natural glass stone formed by lava
Ritual
A ceremony or a rite
Longhouse
Iroquois house built a wooden poles covered with bark, housed about a dozen families
Clan
a group of related families
Note
Flashcard