Chapter 9: Algorithms and Programming

________ in a list are called elements and are accessed by position using an index.

The ________ deletes the element at the provided index position and shifts the remaining elements one position to the left.

________ can be used in mathematical operations and expressions, whereas strings (text fields) can not.

________ uses division but only provides the remainder as the answer, not the quotient.

________ can be used in an IF statement in your code to navigate through the maze.

In many programming languages, a(n) ________ sign,=, is used as the assignment operator.

________: You only need to know the name of the procedure, the number and type of parameters, and the output to expect.

There are four ________ you are responsible for understanding and using.

________ have the potential to solve many problems once the programs are written for them to run.

________ is important to help programmers understand a program.

________ is the symbol used for modulus math in many programming languages.

________ can not run on computers and needs to be translated to a programming language to do so.

________ are placeholders for values a program needs to use.

The ________ represents the robots starting point and the direction it is facing.

________ have an optional feature called a return statement.

A(n) ________ is one where an algorithm can be written that results in a correct "yes "or "no "answer for all inputs.

The code that is repeated is indented underneath the ________ statement and within the braces, { }, just like with the IF /ELSE statements.

________ refers to how easy it is to understand.

________ are used with Boolean values.

________): (It accepts data from the user, usually from the keyboard.

A program may need variables for numbers, both integers and real numbers, as well as ________ and Boolean values.

The ________ causes elements to the right of the indicated index position, i, to shift right one position to make room for the new element.

________ are calculations to be evaluated to an answer or single value.

The ________ provides the information needed to set up the interface and use the newly connected software.

is a set of steps to do a task.

________ is our native speaking and writing language, so it is much easier for people to use and understand.

________ can be combined using the logical operators AND, OR, and NOT.

________ allow the calling program to send values to the procedure.

________: This is an approach that may not be optimal or the best but is close enough to use as a solution.

________ are the way computers assign some meaning to these binary digits.

Programming ________ are very strict with their syntax, which is like their grammar and structure.

________ are one of the foundations of computer code.

________ stands for "Application Programming Interface ..

For the OR ________, either or both of the operands can be true for the condition to be true.

________ can be determined by mathematically proving it and informally measured by actually running it on datasets of different sizes and measuring how long it took and the memory resources needed.

A(n) ________ is one that should find the best solution for the problem.

Generating ________ is a frequently needed feature in programs.

________ are implemented with software.

________ is used to map out a programs structure before beginning to write the code and uses a combination of natural and programming languages.

________ are data abstractions because we do not need to know the details of how and where the values are stored in memory.

________ are whole numbers.

Strings are ________ that are just a series of characters and are denoted with quotation marks around the string field.

________ are also called functions in some programming languages.

A(n) ________ is a set of steps to do a task.

________ can be used in expressions, both mathematical and textual.

________ can be written in several ways.

strings, integers, real (fractional) numbers, and Booleans

"n" is a variable that must be set to a positive integer for the loop to run

One of the key features of algorithms is that once they are created, you can use them over and over, combine them for more complex problem solving, or modify them for a new use

Linear searches, also called sequential searches, check each individual record, starting at the beginning and going to the end, one after the other in order to either find the desired data or to determine it is not in the dataset

Binary searches are far more efficient than linear searches

You only need to know the name of the procedure, the number and type of parameters, and the output to expect

Built-in procedures are prewritten and tested code that are included with the programming language

DISPLAY() is a built-in procedure used for this course on the exam

It accepts data from the user, usually from the keyboard

Simulations are designed to represent and mirror the real world for testing

This is an approach that may not be optimal or the best but is close enough to use as a solution

is our native speaking and writing language, so it is much easier for people to use and understand.

are very strict with their syntax, which is like their grammar and structure.

is used to map out a program’s structure before beginning to write the code and uses a combination of natural and programming languages.

helps to visualize how the program will be structured.

refers to how easy it is to understand.

is important to help programmers understand a program.

are placeholders for values a program needs to use.

are the way computers assign some meaning to these binary digits.

are text fields that are just a series of characters and are denoted with quotation marks around the string field.

can be used in mathematical operations and expressions, whereas strings (text fields) cannot.

These are numbers with a decimal point, even if a number has 0 (zero) for the decimal value, such as 52.0.

is the symbol used for modulus math in many programming languages.

To assign a value to a variable, the assignment operator is used.

are calculations to be evaluated to an answer or single value.

are one of the foundations of computer code.

can be simple or compound.

To be true, both of the operands on either side of the AND operator must be true when evaluated individually.

For the OR operator, either or both of the operands can be true for the condition to be true.

With the NOT operator, if a condition was true, then NOT makes it false.

All programs can be written using a combination of only three types of statements.

These are statements that are executed as written in order in the program.

These are a key component to many programs.

are also referred to as repetitive statements or loops.

This loop will repeat a specified number of times: “n” is a variable that must be set to a positive integer for the loop to run.

has a condition to evaluate at each iteration of the loop.

One of the key features of algorithms is that once they are created, you can use them over and over, combine them for more complex problem solving, or modify them for a new use.

Determining the maximum or minimum number from two or more numbers.

There are four commands you are responsible for understanding and using.

One command the robot can follow is

can be used in an IF statement in your code to navigate through the maze.

in a program can be a collection of numbers, words, phrases, or a combination of these.

Individual items in a list are called elements and are accessed by position using an index.

are always integers and are enclosed within square brackets [index].

command causes elements to the right of the indicated index position, i, to shift right one position to make room for the new element.

command will add the new element to the end of the list, so no index position is needed.

command deletes the element at the provided index position and shifts the remaining elements one position to the left.

a loop that will automatically repeat the code for each element in the list.

deals with finding the needed element from everything in the dataset or determining that it is not there.

also called sequential searches, check each individual record, starting at the beginning and going to the end, one after the other in order to either find the desired data or to determine it is not in the dataset.

are far more efficient than linear searches.

are also called functions in some programming languages.

allow the calling program to send values to the procedure.

You only need to know the name of the procedure, the number and type of parameters, and the output to expect.