Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Systems

• protects body from infections

• amount of times your heart beats per minute

• delivers and carries oxygen to and around the body

• plasma (55%)

• erythrocytes (45%)

• leukocytes (less than 1%)

• platelets (less than 1%)

• clot, stop, and slow bleeding

Location:

• between right atrium and right ventricle

Function:

• slows the electrical signal before it enters the ventricles

• the delay allows the atria to contract before ventricles do

• lub —— dub

Location:

• right atrium

Function:

• impulse starts in the right atrium causing the atria to contract, pushing the blood to the ventricles

• heart’s natural pace maker

• Liquid part of the blood (55%)

• volume of blood ejected during each ventricular contraction

• the amount of blood your heart pumps per beat

• the pressure circulating blood against the walls of arteries

1. SA node

2. AV node

3. Bundle of His

4. Purkinje fibers (bundle of branches)

• amount of blood your heart pumps per minute

• CO = HR x SV

Location:

• inferior to the AV node

Function

• sends impulse to the purkinje fibers

Location:

• throughout the ventricles

Function:

• sends impulse to muscular walls of ventricles so that they can contract

• this contraction forces blood out of the heart and into the lungs THROUGH the right pulmonary arteries or through the aorta

• maximal oxygen consumption

  • how much oxygen your body can take in to produce

  • higher in males than females

  • higher in trained than untrained individuals

  • as intensity of exercise increases, so does vo2 max

• how we maintain cardiac output during prolonged exercise

  • increase HR to compensate for decreased SV

• Thermoregulation - regulating body temp

  • sweating - causes a decrease in blood volume (losing plasma h2o from the blood) and an INCREASE in viscosity - becomes thicker

    • less blood goes back to the heart (lower venous return

• Blood vessels dilalate - get bigger

  • more blood goes to the skin to release heat (feel hot, turn red)

1. right atrium

2. SA node

3. right ventricle

4. AV node

5. right pulmonary arteries to go to the lungs

… after picking up oxygen from the lungs

6. left pulmonary veins

7. left atrium

8. left ventricle

9. out of the body through the aorta

• 2nd/bottom number of blood pressure reading

• The pressure in the arteries when the heart is resting (ventricles relax)

• 1st/top number of blood pressure reading

• the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats (ventricles contract)

• volume of air in the lungs after a maximum inhalation

• the maximum amount of air your lungs can hold

• approximately 6L

• maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

• volume of air breathed in and out in any one breath

• breathing

• intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract and flatten

• chest expands upwards and outwards

• volume increases (lungs get bigger)

• pressure decreases (more room for oxygen)

• gas moves from high pressure to lower pressure

  • oxygen rushes into the lungs

• intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax

• chest returns to normal size

• volume decreases (lungs get smaller)

• pressure increases (less room for oxygen)

• gas moves from high pressure to lower pressure

  • carbon dioxide leaves the body

• nose

• mouth

• larynx (voice box)

• pharynx (throat)

• trachea (wind pipe)

• lungs

• bronchi

• bronchioles

• alveoli (where gas exchanges occur)

• volume of air still contained in the lungs after a maximal inhalation

• volume of air in excess tidal volume that can be forcibly exhaled

• air leftover after you breathe out

  • breathe in

  • breathe out

  • now push out any extra air after that breath out

    • THAT is your ERV

• additional inspired air over and above your tidal volume

• amount of air you can forcibly inhale after a normal breath

  • breathe in

  • breathe out

  • breathe in again

    • THIS is your IRV

    • common with heavy exercise

• easier pathway for airflow

• defense against germs and chemicals

• warming and moistening of the air

• diffusion from high pressure to lower pressure to increase oxygen and decrease carbon dioxide