T1.1- Anatomy: Bones

pectoral girdle, humurous, radius, ulna, caprals(short) metacarpals(long), phalanges(long), tarsals,metatarsals, phalanges, pelvix girdle, femur, patella, tibia(fibula, smaller next ti tibia)

-support eg. femur helps to hold mass

-movement, act as levels

-blood cell production

-structure,maintain posture

-protect organs

-provides attatchment for muscles via tendons

protection of organs

structure

protection of spinbal chord

movement

support (femur)

attatchment

long- femur, phalanges

short - carpals

flat- ribs

irregular - vertebar

cervical- 7

thoracic-12

lumbar-5

sacral-5, fused as one

cocyx-4, fused as one

epiphysis

diaphysis

Spongey bone

Compact bone

Periosteum

Marrow cavity

Bone marrow

blood vessel

articular cartilage

keeps bone marrow in, layer in from compact bone

Bellow or further away from the head/ above or nearer too the head eg. humerous is superior to the radius

nearer to where the limb attatches to the body/ further from where the limb attatches to the body

the shoulder is proximal to the humerous and the elbow is distal to the humerous

behind or nearer to the back/ in the front or nearer to the front eg.

the sternum is anterior to the thoracic part of the vertibral column

further away from the midline of the body/ closer to the midline of the body

the radius is lateral to the boday

located inside or further away from the surface/ located outside of near to the surface

fiberous tissue

-stops the bones rubbing together

-shock absorbtion

joins bone to bone

-provides structure to the joint(stops moving in ways not meant too

-some elasticity to allow a small degree of movement

fiberous tissue atatches muscle to bone

• creates movement, pulls on the bone when the muscle contracts

where 2 or more bones meet/articulate with one another

fiberous, cartilaginous, synovial

no movement, fixed joint eg. cranium

slightly moveable, have pads of cartilage between them eg. vertebral column, ribs

freely moveable joint eg. shoulder

articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, bursae, meniscus, ligaments, articular capsule

covers articulating surface of bones, thicker in areas of higher stress

• reduces friction, absorbs shock and protects bones

a layer of connective tissue which provides synovial fluid that lubricates the joint cavity, reduces friction and proves nutrients/ removes waste from the cartilage

small fluid filled sacks found in high areas of stress in the body

-provides lubrication and reduces friction

semilunar disks found between some articulating bones allowing a tighter fit between them and greaterv cuushioning

contains the synovial fluid, joint capsule and synovial membrane

-flexible enough to allow joint movement but has tensile strength to proect the joint from dislocation

hinge

ball and socket

condyloid

pivot

gliding

saddle

flexion and extension (elbow and knee)

sphere shaped head of bone fitys into rounded cavity on another: circumduction, rotation, flexion extension ,abduction adduction

-shoulder, hip

wrist, base of fingers(to metatarsals ad also to phalanges)

neck, radioulna joint

least amount of movement, tarpals, carpals

thumb

scapula and calvical

ilium

pubis

ischium

ilpubish- to remeber