Chapter Six: Disorders of Trauma and Stress

________- Based Techniques: Help clients become more accepting and less judgmental of their recurring thoughts, feelings, and memories.

________ is thought to result from a lifetime of excessive repression.

________ activates the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system.

Eye ________ and Processing (EMDR): An exposure treatment in which clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner from side to side while flooding their minds with images of objects and situations they ordinarily avoid.

People suffering from ________ are more likely to transmit relevant biological abnormalities to their children.

________ can help people remember events that occurred and were forgotten years ago.

________ are caused by repression.

________ or posttraumatic stress disorder can occur at any age.

________: apply exposure techniques when treating veterans with PTSD.

________: People with similar beginnings may wind up at different end points.

________: Cases that are unintentionally produced by practitioners.

________: The event that creates the demands.

________: Different developmental pathways may lead to the same end point.

________: Focuses on the intersection and context of important variables at key points of time throughout an individuals lifespan.

________: Feeling that the environment is unreal or strange.

________: The sense that ones own mental functioning or body are unreal or detached.

________ is a single episode of massive repression.

________: The process of hypnotizing oneself, sometimes for the purpose of forgetting unpleasant events.

________ can also trigger dissociative amnesia.

________: excessively alert.

________: Final merging of two or more subpersonalities.

Brains stress circuit: Dysfunction in the stress circuit contributes to the ________.

Stress reactions are often at play in ________.

________ (springs into action when the person confronts a stressor) activity is too high.

________: The subpersonality that is aware and is a quiet observer.

________: Psychological separation.

________ in which the ANS and the endocrine system produce arousal.

________: Veterans meet with other like themselves to share experiences and feelings, develop insights, and give mutual support.

Mutually ________: The subpersonalities have no awareness of each other.

Continuous Amnesia: The person may forget new and ongoing experiences as well as what happened before and during the ________.

________: Network of glands located throughout the body.

________ through deprivation: sleep, sensory, social, nutritional, medical, or hygiene deprivation.

________: People with certain personalities, attitudes, and coping styles are particularly likely to develop PTSD.

________ is PTSD + profound disturbances in their emotional control, self- control, and relationships.

________: The current personality may find itself writing down words over which it has no control.

________ are brief and reversible, so there are few aftereffects.

________: A form of crisis intervention that has victims of trauma talk extensively about their feelings and reactions within days of the critical incident.

________: the ability of a person to adapt well and cope effectively in the face of life adversity.

________ that increase the risk of stress disorders: mutilation, severe physical injury, sexual assault, witnessing the injury or death of other people.

________ are persistent /recurrent, cause considerable distress, and may impair social relationships and job performance.

________: When we are faced by stressors, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to secrete stress hormones.

________: A group of ANS fibers that work to quicken our heartbeat and produce the other changes that we come to experience as fear or anxiety.

________: A person will remember some, but not all, events that took place during a period of time.

________: Hypnosis can make people forget facts, events, and personal identities.

________: The two or more distinct personalities found in individuals suffering with did.

________: A disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms soon after a trauma but for less than a month.

________: threats of death, mock executions, verbal abuse, degradation.

________: Feeling that their conscious state or body is unreal.

________: A disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms long after a traumatic event.

When we view a(n) ________ as threatening, a natural reaction is arousal and a sense of fear.

The event that creates the demands

The persons reactions to the demands

Extensive network of nerve fibers that connect the central nervous system to all the other organs of the body

breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, perspiration, etc

Network of glands located throughout the body

A group of ANS fibers that work to quicken our heartbeat and produce the other changes that we come to experience as fear or anxiety

When we are faced by stressors, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to secrete stress hormones

these systems arouse our body and prepare us for a response to danger

Event in which a person is exposed to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation

A disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms soon after a trauma but for less than a month

A disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms long after a traumatic event

excessively alert

Psychological separation

Feeling that their conscious state or body is unreal

Feeling that the environment is unreal or strange

earthquakes, floods, tornadoes, fires, airplane crashes serious car accidents)

Forced sexual intercourse or another sexual act committed against a nonconsenting person or intercourse between an adult and an underage person

Many people develop immediate and long-term psychological effects when they are victims of terrorism or live under the threat of terrorism

The use of brutal, degrading, and disorienting strategies to reduce victims to a state of utter helplessness

beatings, waterboarding, electrocution

threats of death, mock executions, verbal abuse, degradation

rape, violence to the genitals, sexual humiliation

sleep, sensory, social, nutritional, medical, or hygiene deprivation

people who develop PTSD react with especially heightened arousal in the stress pathways

Dysfunction in the stress circuit contributes to the symptoms of PTSD

Certain individuals inherit a tendency for overly-reactive brain-body stress pathways and a dysfunctional brain stress circuit

People with certain personalities, attitudes, and coping styles are particularly likely to develop PTSD

the ability of a person to adapt well and cope effectively in the face of life adversity

People whose social and family support systems are weak are more likely to develop PTSD after a traumatic event

The more severe or prolonged the trauma and the more direct ones exposure to it, the greater the likelihood of developing a stress disorder

mutilation, severe physical injury, sexual assault, witnessing the injury or death of other people

Focuses on the intersection and context of important variables at key points of time throughout an individuals lifespan

People with similar beginnings may wind up at different end points

Different developmental pathways may lead to the same end point

Therapists guide the veterans to examine and change the dysfunctional attitudes and styles of interpretation they have developed as a result of their traumatic experiences

Help clients become more accepting and less judgmental of their recurring thoughts, feelings, and memories

apply exposure techniques when treating veterans with PTSD

A treatment approach in which clients confront not only trauma-related objects and situations, but also their painful memories of traumatic experiences

An exposure treatment in which clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner from side to side while flooding their minds with images of objects and situations they ordinarily avoid

With the help and support of their family members, veterans with PTSD may come to

Veterans meet with other like themselves to share experiences and feelings, develop insights, and give mutual support

A form of crisis intervention that has victims of trauma talk extensively about their feelings and reactions within days of the critical incident

A person loses all memory of events that took place within a limited period of time, almost always beginning with some very disturbing occurrence

A person will remember some, but not all, events that took place during a period of time

Loss of memory extends back to times long before the upsetting period

The person may forget new and ongoing experiences as well as what happened before and during the traumatic event

An extreme version of dissociative amnesia

The two or more distinct personalities found in individuals suffering with did

The transition from one subpersonality to another

The subpersonalities have no awareness of each other