Psych exam #2

Exhaustion in moving time zones

face blindness

a condition in which an awake person suffers from repeated, sudden, and irresistible REM sleep attacks.

Smallest unit of sound

Smallest meaningful unit of language

Rules that govern good arrangement of words in phrases or sentences

occurs when we estimate the probability of an event based on how similar it is to a known situation

EX: because someone is wearing a suit and tie and carrying a brief case, they must be a lawyer.

chemicals that induce changes in mood, thinking, perception, and behavior by affecting neuronal activity in the brain

psychoactive drugs that inhibit activity in the central nervous system.

depressants used to induce sleep or anesthesia

depressants, derived from opium, used to relieve pain or to induce a euphoric state of consciousness.

psychoactive drugs that increase central nervous system activity.

a stimulant used to increase mental alertness (quite common)

stimulants used to maintain alertness and wakefulness.

a stimulant used to regulate physical and cognitive arousal.

a new category of psychoactive drugs that have effects intermediate to those associated with hallucinogens and stimulants. Ecstasy (X)

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) – the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana.

psychoactive drugs that induce extreme alterations in consciousness, including visual hallucinations, a sense of timelessness, and feelings of depersonalization

a hallucinogen derived from a fungus that grows on rye grain.

a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being associated with a stimulus that already elicits that response.

in classical conditioning, a stimulus that automatically elicits a particular unconditioned response.

in classical conditioning, an unlearned, automatic response to a particular unconditioned stimulus.

in classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a particular conditioned response after being paired with a particular unconditioned stimulus that already elicits that response.

in classical conditioning, that learned response given to a particular conditioned stimulus.

A vivid, long-lasting memory of a surprising, important, emotionally arousing event.

(When people remember 9-11 perfectly)

visual sensory memory, which lasts about a second. (Think ICON/IMAGE)

auditory sensory memory, which lasts up to 4 or more seconds. (Think ECHO/SOUND)

repeating information to oneself to keep it in short term memory. (Saying a phone number until you can find paper and write it down, so you say it 100 times)

the long-term memory system that contains memories of facts.

(I think its a fun fact that i have a memory of the declaration of independence)

the subsystem of declarative memory that contains general information about the world.

the subsystem of declarative memory that contains memories of personal experiences tied to particular times and places

recollection of previous experiences demonstrated through behavior rather than through conscious, intentional remembering. (it takes you less time to learn a phone number after you forget it once, the memory is still there you just couldnt retrieve it).

conscious recollection of general information or personal experiences.

when one area of memory is retrieved the other, connected, areas are activated or primed.

(Olfaction) detects molecules in the air

(gusatation) detects molecules in substances dissolved in saliva.

intentional control of the individual, that the individual is consciously aware of, and that are effortful and constrained by the amount of attentional resources available at the moment.

EX: the first time you drive a car, after you get comfortable and dont have to think about it, it becomes automatic processing meaning you dont think about it.

IQ below 70 & have problems doing every day tasks

100 “or between 85 and 130” according to google

130

the inability to realize that a problem can be solved by using a familiar object in an unusual way. Maier, 1931 (Think of the fork to hang a picture, or those dumb 5 min life hack videos).

the study of how language conveys meaning.

the form of intelligence that reflects knowledge acquired through schooling and in everyday life.

the form of intelligence that reflects reasoning ability, memory capacity, and speed of information processing. (largely inherited)

Maslow’s arrangement of needs in the order of their motivational priority, ranging from physiological needs to the needs for self-actualization and transcendence.

(just be able to explain you don’t need to know the level of the needs and each category etc)

the theory that long-term memories are stored as parts of schemas, which are cognitive structures that organize knowledge about events or objects

Sigmund Freud’s term for the true, though disguised, meaning of a dream

Wish fulfillment:

Manifest content – Sigmund Freud’s term for the verbally reported dream. Latent content – Sigmund Freud’s term for the true, though disguised, meaning of a dream

He said we should know all Sigmund Freuds dream theory, this is all of it so i grouped it

Hypermnesia – the hypnotic enhancement of recall EX: helping you recall memories of childhood that maybe you repressed.

Nightmare – a frightening dream occurring during REM sleep. Night terror – a frightening NREM experience, common in childhood, in which the individual may suddenly sit up, let out a bloodcurdling scream, speak incoherently, and quickly fall back asleep, yet usually fail to recall it on awakening.

the reversion of animals to behaviors characteristic of their species even when being reinforced for performing other behaviors.

EX: (found on google) a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment. Under stress, however, it may have instinctual drift, disregarding the learned behavior and barking at the guest.

the degree to which members of a species are innately prepared to learn particular behaviors.

EX: How German Shepherds are the best police dogs, and how

thoroughbreds are the best race horse.

shortening of the sleep-wake cycle as occurs when traveling from west to east.

WE advance through life (WEST EAST)

lengthening of the sleep-wake cycle as occurs when traveling from east to west.

EW delays in life are gross (EAST WEST)

the stage of sleep associated with rapid eye movements, an active brain-wave pattern and vivid dreams.

the stage of sleep not associated with rapid eye movements and marked by relatively little dreaming.

the stage of memory that can store a virtually unlimited amount of information relatively permanently.

the stage of memory that can store a few items of unrehearsed information for up to about 20 seconds.

the stage of memory that briefly (for at most a few seconds) stores exact replicas of sensations.

a concept formed by identifying the specific features possessed by all things that the concept applies to.

know how it is different from natural concept

EX: have clearly defined rules for determining membership. Schoolchildren, for example, learn that the concept of a triangle applies to any three-sided form or figure. If a figure has three sides, it must be a triangle.

a concept, typically formed through everyday experience, whose members possess some, but not all, of a common set of features.

in decision making, the assumption that a small sample is representative of its population.

in decision making, the tendency to estimate the probability of an event by how easily relevant instances of it come to mind.

twenty-four hour cycles of physiological changes, most notably the sleep-wake cycle.

Amnesia is a general term that describes memory loss. The loss can be temporary or permanent

a condition in which a person awakens repeatedly in order to breath

the subsystem of declarative memory that contains memories of personal experiences tied to particular times and places

the subsystem of declarative memory that contains general information about the world.

the process that detects stimuli from the body or surroundings.

the process that organizes sensations into meaningful patterns.

used for the long term storage of memory and facts and events. can be broken into 2 types eposodic and semantic

The memory system in charge of the encoding, storage, and retrieval of the procedures (rather than episodes) that underlie motor, visuospatial, or cognitive skills.

EX: how to ride a bike or play an instrument