𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘨𝘦𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘺 𝘶𝘯𝘪𝘵

study of patterns and methods humans have used to organize claims to portions of the Earth’s surface

an identifiable land area // ex. great britian

population with a single culture, same as culture group // ex. england

single culture under single gov. // ex. Japan, North Korea, China

population under a single government, sovereign territory // ex. United Kingdom

fully independent from outside control, holds territory, and that it has international recognition

when two or more states claim and area which often result in diplomatic tensions // ex. South China Sea & other countries like Philippines fighting over ocean territory

under the jurisdiction of a state but how not yet gained full rights of being part of the state

zone where no state exercises political control. unexplored or unsurveyed

limit the jurisdiction and authority of one entity in favor of another

represent the spatial limits of a political organization

clear markings of boundaries

organizations that transcend boundaries of multiple countries

political division of the Earth’s surface among diff. countries // ex. countries

further division of a state into smaller entities // provinces in china

uses natural landforms to create separation

ignores physical borders (generally), unrelated to culture; straight lines. alogn lines of latitude and longitude

attempt to reflect the cultural diff. of the people living in a particular area

divide diff. religous groups or language families

boundary already existed then people settled, created cultural landscape without regard of the boundaries // ex. Canada & America 49th Parallel Boundary

boundary established after a settlement settles there; attempts to accommodate cultural differences. It’s adjusted as cultural landscape changes // ex. Europe boundaries and how they sort of reflect diff. nations

former state boundaries that still have political or cultural meaning

political boundary placed by powerful outsiders on developed human landscape

boundary agreed upon and set

drawn on map

when markers place on the troground to show where borders lie. wall, sign, etc.

creation of walls/barriers to either prevent foreigners from getting in, por its citizens from getting out

division of diff. claims to the oceans around the shores of the country

border treaties are interpreted two diff. ways by states

when border moves, like a river changing course or a lake drying up

borders are agreed on, but passage across border is a problem

resource lies on two sides of border. who gets what?

territories completely surrounded by another country that are ethnically/culturally diff. // ex. ethnic neighborhoods, Quebec, etc.

regions that are geographically separated from the rest of the country but not wholly surrounded by one state // ex. alaska

shape without irregularity // ex. colorado

broken into pieces, archipelagos // ex. philippines

appreads stretched out, long // ex. chile

has panhandle or peninsula // ex. italy

a state that completely surrounds another state. // ex. Italy surrounding Vatican

has no sea or ocean borders // ex. switzerland

changes and redistributes the representative count for each state. This is done to influence more power on the elections.

organizations that extend beyond the borders of three of more states that seeks to promote economic, political, or cultural unity between members

members who work together to provide mutual defense for one another against outside aggresors

extreme nationalism, the belief in the superiority of one’s nation and of the paramount importance of advancing it

concept of two ore more sovereign states aligned together for a common purpose

Intended killing a group of people, especially those of specific ethnic group or nation. term phrased in 1944 as a way to describe German actions against Jews in World War II.

when a people group commits mass expulsion or mass killing of a particular ethnic group whom they do not want to exist either in a particular region or in the world as a whole.

their ight or desire for a nation, or group of people, to govern themselves

state that has more than one nation within its borders // ex. Canada

nation that is spread across multiple sovereign states // ex. Kurdish population, Basques

a nation that has a history of self-determination but does not have a recognized state // kurds, basques, etc

certain parts of certain nations (same culture, no sovereignty) have freedom from central authority. // ex. basque region has governs themselves, Native Ameican reservations

geographic area that is controlled by another state, but only has a moderate degree of self governance.

practice of acquiring territories and settling there to exert political, economic, and social control over the area

idea of growing a state or empire by exerting force over other nations to gain economic and political power without establishing settlements

transfer of power from a national govt. to regional govt.

expression of political control over a space

contemporary form of colonialism, based on economic control // ex. China being an investor of Africa for power along with China investing in Greenland’s airports for resources

areas where they are in between conflict of other countries

strategic narrow route providing passage through or to another region

process of spreading like-minded voters out across multiple districts

process of stacking like-minded voters into just a few districts to reduce the impact of their vote in other districts

power is located in the central or national govt. // ex. china

power is shared BETWEEN national govt. and regional govt. // ex. USA

transfer of power from a national govt. to regional govt.

a movement by a nation to unite other parts of its nation that are located in another state // russia where groups are seeking independence or annexation by neighboring sovereign state that’s cuturally similar

process through which a political regime becomes more democratic

theory that describes competition with market when they located themselves right by eachother

nations behave like living organisms and seek to expand their territories in order to ensure their survival

citizens living outside of their borders

royals having power

head of state and head of government. meaning has full power. // ex. saudi arabia, brunei, morocco

supreme aristocrat remains head of state, leaders of elected parliament is head of gov., with integrated legislative and executive powers.

elected representative systems. democracy. people have a say.

free of aristocracy or monarchal control. full under the control of the common people

legislative, executive, judicial power

factors that hold together the social and political fabric of a state

factors that tear apart social and political fabric of state

lands that would protect them by creating a surrounding bugger of sympathetic countries

controlled independent states by other huge power in the times of conflicts

planned violent attacks on people and places to prove fear and cause a change in gov. policy

when govs. use violence and intimidation to control their own people

political authority of a state to govern itself. // ex. America & Britian

• have a defined territory with permanent population and functional govt.

• declare and effectively gain independence

• gain recognition from established states as sovereign state

• join the UN General Assembly

1. defined - boundary agreed upon and set

2. delimited - drawn on map

3. demarcated - wall, sign, etc.

proposed standard oceanic boundaires for UN states

area of sea from shore out to 12-nautircal miles all laws of the country applies

exclusive economic rights from shore out to 200 nautical miles a sate controls all aspects of natural resource exploration and extraction. only applies to natural resources, not all laws of country

international seas. outside 12 mile limit. admiralty law is applied.

part of international law that dictates legal procedures on high seas.

….are not regulated

whale hunts banned

allows member states to discuss and fix world problems

org of UN. trying to eliminate trade barriers worldwide + trade disputes; but not really effective

org. of UN. provides loans to developing nations for capital improvements

org. of UN. responsible for dividing opposing forces and providing peace and stability until a peace treaty can be made

coordination of oil production to ensure the stability of the market. countries included are Iran, iraq, Qatar, Libia, etc.

military org. originally meant to counter threat of Soviet union and Warsaw Pact. Now a counter threat to Russia and China

diplomacy and efficiency in europe

government loans org