Studied by 11 peopleKinetic Energy being added to the particles of a substance
is a direct cause of the substance’s temperature increase
Temperature is proportional to
the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules
Vibrational kinetic energy is the form of kinetic energy
that occurs within a molecule when the bonds are bent or stretched
Internal energy is
the energy associated with atomic motion
Energy transferred as heat occurs between
two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in temperature
Energy transferred as heat is always
directed from an object at a high temperature to an object at a low temperature
If energy is transferred from a table to a block of ice moving across the table
that means the ice is cooler than the table
Energy transferred as heat between two objects depends on
the difference in temperature of the two objects
A calorimeter is used to determine the
If the specific heat capacity of water is known
the specific heat capacity of a test metal
you must still measure the metal mass, water mass, and initial and final temperatures of the metal and water
Understand a phase change graph
Internal energy is the energy due to
both the random motions of the substance’s particles and the potential energy due to the bonds between those particles
Rotational kinetic energy is the type of kinetic energy
associated with a molecule spinning about its center of mass
Two systems are in thermal equilibrium when
they have the same temperature
Thermal Expansion:
As the temperature increases, the volume of the substance increases
The Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales are similar because
the difference of one degree is the same for both scales
Convection is
the process by which energy is transferred by the motion of hot and cold matter
Specific heat capacity is
the quantity of energy needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree C
The properties of a substance needed to determine the amount of energy transferred as heat to or from a substance are
temperature change, specific heat capacity, and mass
In a heating curve
a line with a positive slope indicates the increase in the substance’s temperature with added energy
Temperature measures
the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance
If two objects are in thermal equilibrium
their temperatures are the same
Materials that easily transfer energy heat are called
thermal conductors
If two objects are in thermal equilibrium the
particles in each object have the same average kinetic energy
A phase change is a
physical change of a substance from one state (solid, liquid, or gas) to another state at constant temperature and pressure
Celsius-Fahrenheit Temperature Conversion
Celsius-Kelvin Temperature Conversion
Conservation of Energy
Specific Heat Capacity
Energy conservation can be used to calculate the specific heat \n capacity
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Note
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