Chapter 13- World War 2

September 1, 1939-September 2, 1945

Largest and deadliest war, fought on land, sea, and air, fought mostly on 3 continents- Europe, Africa, Asia

A war between good and evil to save our freedoms, way of life

extreme pride in one's country over individual rights

aggressive land take over

Aggressive build up of a military that gains control of the government

political philosophy that exalts nation above the individual, stands for an autocratic government headed by a dictator, severe economic and social control and forcible suppression of any opposition

leader handles laws, decisions, and everything

signed at the end of world war 1

Germany

1. War Guilt Cause- Germany should accept all blame for starting WW1

2. Reparations- Germany had to pay for damage caused by the war

3. Disarmament- Germany was allowed to have a small army, six naval ships, no tanks, no air force, no submarines, Rhineland was de-militarized

4. Territorial causes- land was taken away from Germany and given to other countries, union with Austria was forbidden

1. Treaty of Versailles

2. Hitler's aggressive actions

3. Failure of Appeasement

4. Failure of League of Nations

very unhappy, wanted revenge, humiliated, angry, some thought it was too harsh

Devotion to state above self Goal to unite Germans of Europe in a great empire Modeled after Ancient Rome Believe in racial superiority believed Jews threatened the purity of Aryan race and said no intermarriage Lebensraum

Hitler's book written in jail meaning "my struggles"

Rip it up, overturn it

Born in Austria, mother was abused by father, came to Germany to fight in WW1, was considered patriotic and courageous for his commitment, had a talent for public speaking

Political and economic instability from WW1 fueled the rise of power New political party- National Socialist Party of German Workers pro NAZI Party In 1923 he organized an effort to seize power of Germany, Supposed to serve 5 years, but only served 9 months

president of Germany who appointed Hitler as chancellor, when he died Hitler made himself dictator for life

purge of the people who did not agree with Hitler

He secretly began building up the military, ships, weapons, and air force

Rhineland along the Rhine river

Italy at first, then Japan joined to make the pact of steel

Benito Mussolini

Hideki Tojo

Marched to Austria, very peaceful no shots where fired, most people agreed and were happy with the takeover

union with Germany

Sudetenland

to join/add

Invaded the rest of Czech

sitting down and negotiating with someone to give in

Prime minister of Great Britain

Treated Germany badly, thought giving into Hitler would prevent war

Leaders of Germany, Britain, France, and Italy

Sudetenland would be given to Germany and no further claims could be made, no agression

A triumph example of securing peace, success

No, he invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia

A failure, because everyone knew that Hitler had ignored the Treaty of Versailles, and kept invading more places

No, because a dictator does what they want and will do anything to get it. They do not care how others feel.

An international organization set up in 1919 to help keep world peace

-Not all countries joined -Had No Power: main weapon was to ask member countries to stop trading with an aggressive country -Had no Army: Soldiers were to be supplied by member countries, but no one wanted to supply -Unable to Act quickly: only met 4 times a year, so if a crisis popped up no one could help

-Promises to return country to greatness -Dynamic speaking styles that enabled them to achieve influence over people -Stressed glory of the state over concerns of people -Willing to use violence to gain power -power and authority was to be unchallenged -allowed no elections or political parties -Believes the Nation becomes great through expanding Nation and claiming territory -Controlled Newspapers, schools, businesses -total control over daily life

Germany Japan Italy

U.S.A Great Britain France Soviet Union China Canada

Italy Switzerland Sweden Portugal Spain Turkey Ireland

Hitler won Joseph Stalin's agreement to stay out of Germany's way as it continues to expand In return Hitler promised not to attack the Soviet Union and give Poland

The German invasion of Poland causing France and Britain to declare war

"lightening war" - swift surprise attacks combining infantry, tanks, and aircraft to quickly overwhelm the enemy

German Tanks

The Winter of 1939-40, a long period of time where there was an apparent quiet through the winter which American press names the Phony War Hitler was making plans

to improve his access to the Atlantic Ocean

France felt secure but they should not have, they thought Germany was going to enter through the Maginot line but they surprise France and do not

A forest that was rugged along the Northern border of Belgium and France

A whole string of defended bunkers and forts along the borders of Germany and France

Ardennes Forest

He wanted soldiers out of bombing range of his Luftwaffe

a sea port where the troops were positioned to prepare for battle and develop a evacuation plan

code name for evacuation of allied troops from Dunkirk

British citizens used their own fishing boats, yachts, paddle steamers, and other sea worthy boats

Germany invaded France, Paris fell days later, France surrendered

Prime minister of Great Britain starting in May of 1940, most famous for helping save Britain

Narrow 23 mile stretch of water between Great Britain and France

the sleeping giant was the United States and they wanted to ask us for help but we were not getting involved

Hitler's plan code name was an airborne assault to take out the Royal Air Force, landing on the South Coast of Britain

Royal Air Force- British air force

German Air Force

Use of radar to detect planes coming in Home Turf so they could go down and refuel then go back up

A lot more more planes

Hitler bombed major cities and civilians in order to break the rescue of British 76 days of continuous bombing After 3 months Hitler was forced to call it off

Unground subway system

the desire to avoid involvement in foreign wars

Republicans and Democrats Most college students Most of Congress President Hoover Father Coughlin Most Americans Heroes like aviator Charles Lindberg

FDR

WW1 had been costly in lives, FEARFUL of another war People were burdened by the Great Depression, FOCUSED on economic depression This was not our war, people felt it was a FOREIGN WAR not ours to handle

not aid to one side or another

Set up to prevent us from going to war

1. banned sale of arms, ammunition, or any tools of war to warring nations

2. Prohibited loaning money to warring countries

3. Made it illegal to transport weapons or passengers to warring nations aboard American ships

Countries at war could purchase American goods as long as they paid cash and picked them up at American ports

Agreement between the U.S and U.K. made on Sept. 2, 1940, where we gave 50 old destroyer ships to the British Navy in exchange for building Military bases on British Islands

FDR made a speech to congress declaring his goal of making the U.S a arsenal of democracy FDR wanted the U.S to provide weapons to our allies so democracy could be saved in Europe

A place where weapons are stored

if the other countries lost their democracy so would the U.S

Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly on a ship off the coast of New Foundland, Canada Drafted a Charter stating the goals and aims of the allies during WW2 in opposing Hitler Stating that U.S and Great Britain sought no territory, citizens of every country should be given freedom, right of self determination, should be restored where it was taken away, trade barriers loweredCharter mandated freedom of the seas, renounced the use of force to settle international disputes and called post war disarmament

The bombing of Pearl Harbor

Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii

destroy American Pacific Fleet so that Americans would not be able to fight back as Japan's armed forces spread across the South Pacific taking territory after territory

responsible for planning pearl harbor

A ship mashed by a bomb sunk within 9 minutes, killing many, still leaks oil slowly today

A ship hit by a torpedo that capsized and slipped underwater

A naval base out of Oahu, Hawaii

being famous for a shameful, disgraceful, horrible act

All but one women

brain washing weapon

books that Hitler deemed opposition to the NAZIS or did not glorify war

Worlds Fair in New York

Germany invaded Poland

Government spending was sharply increased to equip and properly train our troops Military bases were established for training , located mostly in rural areas where there was plenty of space California had most bases The draft was expanded Americans were eager to defend their country so millions volunteered, signed up 16 million Americans would enter the armed forces

to get troops ready for action/war, prepare for war

Congress

President of the U.S

Join the military and took part in support roles which would free up more men

1. WAVES

2. WASP

3. WAC