Mycology Midterm 1

yeasts are ___cellular

Moulds are ___cellular

sac fungi, produce ascospores

sexually reproducing filamentous fungi/yeasts

Infects rye and other cereals

can cause “hysteria”

Responsible for the extinction of at least 90 amphibian species

Corn smut

potato blight

Work together to create Sake; breaks down rice starch to sugars

Work together to create Sake; ferments sugars

Ascomycota, yeast

Basiciomycota, yeast

reproduce mostly via budding/fission

structure name of connected budding cells

Filamentous-like structure, makes up mycellium

Produce little # of spores

produce many spores

comprised of hyphae/mycellium and conidia spores

reproduce both sexually and asexually

Ascomycota, mould

Mucormycota, mould

Fungi is a ______ kingdom

Sexually reproducing filamentous fungi/yeast

‘Sac fungi’, produce ascospores

obligate intracellular parasites of animals

Extremely reduced organisms, without mitochondria

Currently under research to prevent plasmodium (malaria) from being carried by mosquitos

rare, aquatic moulds

reproduce through the production of motile spores called zoospores

Notable species of Chytridiomycota

have multinucleate cells with little or no septation

includes both Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota

soil dwelling, filamentous fungi, deadly human pathogens

pathogens of insects, animals, and other fungi

includes mycorrhizal fungi, food moulds, and mucorales

largest and most diverse group of fungi

includes edible macrofungi (truffles and morels), important yeasts, common yeast and mould, human pathogens, plant pathogen and symbiotes

Second largest group of fungi

includes macrofungi, key human and plant pathogens

Subkingdom including Ascomycota and Basidiomycota

cell containing 2 nuceli

Short-lived dikaryotic state

Long-lived dikaryotic state

Produce spores inside ascus sac, called ascospores

produce spores (basidiospores) at ends of specialized basidia cells

What dis?

What dis?

Involved in decomposition

Involved in human microbiome health

80S ribosomes, comprised of

True/False; vacuole present in all cells

True/False; nucleus is always haploid

sterol-containing membrane

unique to fungi, similar to animal cholesterol

true/false: the fungal cell membrane is a bi-layer

true/false; fungi have an inner and outer membrane

Target for antifungal drugs

target ergosterol biosynthesis to disrupt membrane stability

directly target ergosterol (high toxicity!)

Most unique and defining characteristic of fungi

What is the cell wall comprised of?

the inner cell wall is comprised of 3% chitin and ______

Load bearing structural component

resists hydrostatic pressure from cytoplasm

Defining component of cell wall (only fungi have this in their cell wall)

Connects beta 1,3 glucan to mannan, polysaccharides, and other proteins

Polysaccharide of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) (derivative of glucose)

polysaccharides derived from D-glucose

Only fungus to not have chitin in cell wall; evades host defenses

variable between species

True/false; outer cell wall may be comprised of galactomannan, melanin, beta 1,3 glucan, or protective capsules

composed of diverse polysaccharides,
anchored to the main wall via α-1,3 glucan

Allows to survive phagocytes and escape human immune effector cells

Virulence mechanism of cryptococcus; protects from phagocytes and immune recognition

Key virulence factor for Aspergillus species; allows for survival in phagocytes

glycolipid that anchors proteins to cell membrane

attached to the C-terminus of a protein as a post-translational modification

True/false; GPI anchors are incorporated into the fungal cell wall network, and proteins are covalently incorporated into the fungal membrane

Chitin and glucan are synthesized at:

Mannans are synthesized in the:

UDP-glucose synthesizes ___

UDP-GlcNAc synthesizes ___

Synthesized mannans transported to cell wall via ______

Small specialized vesicles that carry chitin synthases to membrane

good target for anti-fungal drugs

target beta-glucan synthase to prevent glucan synthesis and disrupt cell wall formation

facultative anaerobes; can ferment

obligate anaerobic rumen fungi

have multinucleate mycelium with little or no septation

true/false: Depending on configuration of septa, there can be free movement of nuclei and organelles through hyphae

Only approved anti-fungal drug

Budding is a form of

nuclear division occurs at

these are left behind on the mother cell after budding occurs

bud scar a result of increased ___

T/F: filamentous fungi have birth scars on the daughter cell

more bud scars = (younger/older?) cell

More bud scars make it _____ for immune recognition

T/F: older cells are more susceptible to stress and produce less fit daughter cells