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what are the true ribs
ribs 1-7
what are the false ribs
ribs 8-12
what are the floating ribs
11-12
no attachment
what are the three parts of the sternum
1.manubrium
2.body
3.xyphoid
what level is the jugular or manubrium notch
T2/T3
what level is the sternal angle
T4/T5
what level is the mid body
T7
what is the function of the boney thorax
-protection of the organs of the thorax
-aids respiration
what does the boney thorax consists of
-thoracic vertebrae
-sternum
-ribs
-costal cartilages
the manubrium and body of the sternum come together to make the
sternal angle T4-T5
what level is the xyphoid
T10
the thoracic inlet is located where
superior to the chest
the thoracic inlet allow what to pass through
nerves
vessels
viscera from neck
the thoracic outlet is approximately at the level of what
inferior portion of the chest and starts approximately from t10-t12
the thoracic outlet allows for to pass through
diaphragm
esophagus
aorta
IVC
vagus nerve
azygos vein
the top of the lung is called
apex
the bottom of the lung is called
base
the medial aspect of the lung is called
hilum
the medial angle of the lung is termed
cardiophrenic angle
the lateral angle of the lung is termed
costophrenic angle
what structure separates the lobes of the lungs
fissures
how many fissure are on the left side of the lungs
one
how many fissure are on the right side of the lungs
two
what is the purpose of the hilum
acts as a passage for the mainstream bronchi, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves to enter or leave the lungs
what is the membrane that surrounds the lungs
pleura
what is the membrane that touches the lungs
visceral pleura
what is the membrane that touched the chest wall
parietal pleura
the trachea bifurcated into what
right and left main bronchus
what level is the right and left bronchus
t5
which bronchus is horizontal
left main bronchus; because it is the fissure that separates the superior and inferior lobes
which bronchus is vertical
right main bronchus
what structure closes off or opens the trachea
epiglottis
what are the functioning units of the lungs
aveoli
exchanges gaseous exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
alveoli
what structure is NOT located with the mediastinum
lungs
what is located in the mediastinum
thymus gland
trachea
esophagus
lymph nodes
thoracic duct
heart and great vessels
various nerves
what is the purpose of the thymus gland
primary lymph organ responsible for the development off cellular immunity
where is the thymus gland
in the mediastinum on the base of the heart
the esophagus follow what structure
vertebral column, it is anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the trachea
what structure does the easohagus pass thru in the abdominal cavity
it passed through the diaphragm thru and opening called the esophageal hiatus and the vagus nerve
what is the purpose of the lymph vessels
to filter out interstitial fluid
bad particles and pollutants
what is the purpose of the lymph nodes
the nodes act as filters to catch any bad particle
cell
pollutants
what is the largest lymph vessels
thoracic duct
where does the thoracic duct dump in to
right subclavian
what is an inflamed lymph node called
buboes
what is the function of the heart
is hollow
four chamber muscular organ that receives venous blood and pumps venous to the lung and the pumps arteriole blood to the rest of the body
name the four chambers of the heart
right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
where is the base of the heart
on the top
where is the apex of heart
on the bottom pointing toward the left lung
what is the name of the sac that protect the heart
pericardium
which layer of the heart touches the pericardium
epicardium
name the layers of the heart
inner=endocardium
middle=myocardium
outer=epicardium
thickest of portion of the heart
left ventricle
what Is the name of the structure that separates the heart atriums
intra-atrial septum
what structure separated the ventricles
intraventricular septum
the opening between the two atrium
patent foramen oval
what is the name of the muscle that anchor the tricuspid and bicuspid valve to the ventricles
papillary muscles
name the valves
-tricuspid
-pulmonary
-bicuspid
-aortic
where is the tricuspid valve located
between the right atrium and right ventricle
where is the pulmonary valve (semilunar) located
between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
where is the bicuspid (mitral) valve located
between the left atrium and left ventricle AV valve
where is the aortic valve located
between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta (semilunar valve)
what are the great vessels of the heart
-SVC
-IVC
-aorta
-pulmonary arteries and veins
where does the SVC come from
the neck and the upper extremities
brings venous blood to the right atrium
SVC and IVC
where does the IVC come from
abdominal cavity and lower extremities
send arteriole blood to the rest of the body come from the left ventricle
aorta
Arties take blood ___________ from the heart
away
veins take blood ________ the heart
toward
where do the pulmonary veins dump into
the left atrium
the SVC is formed by which two veins
right and left brachiocephalic veins
the IVC is formed by which two veins
right and left common iliac veins
what does the IVC pass through
cavial hiatus
what is a PE
pulmonary embolism
where does the PE commonly come from
-begin in the lower extremities or pelvis
-moves up the leg and lodges into he pulmonary arteries or trunk
-this prevent blood form going to the lung to receive oxygen
what are the branches off of the aortic arch
-brachycephalic
-left common carotid artery
-left subclavian artery
what are the vessels that dump into the SVC
right and left brachycephalic veins
the heart muscle receives its blood supply from
right and left coronary arteries
window maker
LAD (left anterior descending)
how is venous blood from the heart returned back to the heart
cardia veins and coronary sinuses
what is the purpose of the azygos vein
collateral circulation of the IVC and SVC
what is the partner of the azygos vein
hemi azygos vein
where do the azygos vein dump back into
SVC
which side is the azygos vein
right
which side is the hemi azygos vein
left
what is the purpose of the intercostals
aid respiration
explained the chest elevate the ribs
what is the purpose of the diaphragm
chief muscle for inspiration
what structure hold the diaphragm into place
CRUS - a tendon that attach muscle to toe
what structure passes through the diaphragm
-aortic hiatus
-esophageal hiatus
-caval hiatus
trachea runs _____________ to the esophagus
anterior
What is the mediastinum?
space between the lungs
what shape is the thymus
triangle
where is the thymus located
superior portion of the mediastinum behind the manurbuim
the thymus gland is part of what system
lymphatic system
what is the thymus responsible for
immunity cells
hormones
mature
lymphocytes
when part of the stomach comes through the esophagus this its called
hiatal hernia
ATA
aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein
VP
vena cava inferior and phrenic nerve
aortic hiatus
ATA
cavial hitus
VP
Note
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