ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
develop the skills of the young to improve the labour force. Education systems meet the needs of industry etc.
RAISING EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS
UK education needs compete in global education market – e.g. PISA.
EQUALITY + EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY
ensure all students get best opportunities.
EQUALITY OF ACCESS
have the same opportunities to access education regardless economic background.
EQUALITY OF CIRCUMSTANCE
all start school with similar socio-economic backgrounds so truly equal.
EQUALITY OF PARTICIPATION
all students have change to participant on equal footing in process making up school life.
EQUALITY OF OUTCOME
all students have same chance of achievement in education regardless of background.
Examples:
Education Reform Act – National Curriculum > All schools had to teach same curriculum. AO3: not suitable for all – only academic pupils.
Complementation Act > get rid of 11+. AO3: Large schools so lack individual attention.
Schools admissions code> forbids discrimination. AO3: covert selection still takes place by schools and parent – selection by mortgage.
Policies that improve inequality in circumstances > like pupil premium. AO3: too many other factors outside of school that impact achievement.
SELECTIONS
selection by ability – entrance tests, selection by aptitude – talents, selection by faith.
AO3: LATE DEVELOPE
late developers don’t benefit, reduced risk of labelling and SFP.
OPEN ENROLLMENT POLICIES & PARENTAL CHOICE
OEP parents can apply to any state school in any area, if undescribed then must take child. However, schools fill up quickly.
TOUGH + BROOKS – COVERT SELECTION
backdoor social selection to cherry pick students – discouraging poorer parents applying in the first place as expensive.