APES Vocab Quiz 2

Promotes and regulates the use of the Federal national parks, monuments, and reservations to protect their scenery, wildlife, history, and natural objects.

Provides directives for management of wildlife refuges, areas for the protection of fish and wildlife that are threatened with extinction, wildlife management areas, or waterfowl production areas.

Created to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for people and providing training & outreach

Makes it unlawful to dump municipal sewage, sludge, or industrial wastes into the ocean

Created after Exxon Valdez spill.  Strengthened EPA's ability to prevent and respond to catastrophic oil spills. A trust fund financed by a tax on oil is available to clean up spills when responsible party cannot.

Standards for production and handling of foods labelled organic

Unites world’s nations to work to keep global temperatures at less than 2ºC above pre-industrial times (goal is less than 1.5 ºC) to prevent irreversible climate change

Requires industries to reduce pollution at its source in terms of volume and/or toxicity

An international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands & their resources

Sets regulations concerning manufacture, transport, storage, use and disposal of hazardous chemicals, also called “cradle-to-grave” act.

Sets maximum contaminant levels for pollutants in drinking water that may have adverse effects on human health

Promotes action to identify, reduce and remove marine debris in our oceans & authorizes clean-up.

Promotes better municipal waste disposal technology

Established a program for regulating surface coal mining and reclamation activities.  Requires mining companies to restore most surface-mined land by grading and replanting it.

Requires fisheries to focus on conservation & sustainability of species

Intended to balance amount of water pumped from ground with aquifer recharge

Regulation of grazing on public lands to improve rangeland conditions and prevent overgrazing.

Regulates the introduction of new chemicals

Provides for the development of repositories for the storage and disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, and required operators of nuclear plants to pay the cost of disposal

it does not exist as a gas but is released by weathering of phosphate (PO43-) rocks.

a slow cycle and not atmospheric.

in the growth of plants.

runoff of animal wastes, fertilizer, discharge of sewage.

ability to meet current needs of humanity without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

plants convert CO2 (atmospheric carbon) into complex carbohydrates (sugars) (glucose C6H12O6)

Oxygen (O2) consuming producers, consumers and decomposers break down complex organic compounds and convert Carbon back into CO2

carbonate (CO32-) rocks first, oceans second.

the living component of an ecosystem

nonliving component of an ecosystem

organisms that make their own food—photosynthetic or chemosynthetic life

producers → primary consumer → secondary consumer → tertiary consumer.

only 10% of the usable energy is transferred to the next trophic level: REASON: because usable energy is lost as heat. (Second law of thermodynamics): not all biomass is digested and absorbed as predators expend energy to catch prey.

in ecology, the gradual colonization of a habitat after an environmental disturbance (ex. fire, flood), usually by a series of species.

development of communities in a lifeless area not recently inhabited by life (ex. Retreating glacier) or those in which the soil profile is completely destroyed (lava flows): begin with lichen action.

life progresses where soil remains (clear cut forest, vacant lot, old farm or fire)

the stable, final community that develops from ecological succession.

occurs when members of two different species live in close physical contact with each other.

symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit

symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is unaffected.

relationship in which one organism (the parasite) obtains nutrients at the expense of the host.

large distinct terrestrial region having similar climate, soil, plants and animals.

the number of individuals that can be sustained in an area.

reproductive strategy in which organisms reproduce early; bear many small; unprotected offspring (ex. insects, mice)

reproduce late in life; few offspring; parents care for offspring

when a change in some conditions triggers a response that intensifies the changing condition (warmer Earth—snow melts—less sunlight is reflected and more is absorbed, therefore a warmer Earth)

when a change in some condition triggers a response that counteracts the changed condition (warmer Earth—more ocean evaporation—more stratus clouds—less sunlight reaches the ground—therefore a cooler Earth)

organisms that possess favorable adaptations (traits) and pass them onto the next generation. These organisms have higher reproductive success.

nonnative species to an area; often thrive and disrupt the ecosystem balance; ex. African Honeybee; Fire Ant, Zebra Mussel, Purple Loosestrife.

doubling time equals 70 divided by the percent growth rate. For example, if a population is growing at 5% annually, it doubles in 14 years; 70/5 14 years.

the number of children a couple must have to replace themselves (averages 2.1 in developed nations, 2.7 in less developed nations)

6.7 billion

305 million

birth and death rates high, population grows slowly, infant mortality high

death rate (infant mortality) lower, birth rates remain high, better health care, population grows fast.

decline in birth rate, population growth slows

low birth rate and low death rate

broad base → rapid growth; narrow base → negative growth; uniform shape → zero growth

Top Four Most Populated Nations

Most Important Thing Affecting Population Growth

Methods or Ways to Decrease Birth Rate

Composition of Water on Earth

Any wastewater from a house EXCEPT TOILIET WATER; (dishwater, shower water…) this water can be used for irrigation water…

farming aquatic species, commonly salmon, shrimp, tilapia, oysters.

Ways to conserve water: Agriculture

Ways to conserve water: Industry

Ways to conserve water: Home