group 2, group 7, chem edexcel

atomic radius group 2

increases down the group

reactivity group 2

increases down the group

1st ionisation energy group 2

decreases down the group

solubility hydroxides group 2

increases down the group

solubility sulfates group 2

decreases down the group

atomic radius group 7

increases down the group

electronegativity group 7

decreases down the group

melting and boiling point group 7

increases down the group

mtp defintion

more electrons increased london forces more energy to break bonds

reactivity group 7

decreases down the group

oxidising power group 7

decreases down the group

halide ion reducing power

increases down the group

test for sulphate ions (SO4 2-)

acidified barium chloride forms a white ppt - barium sulfate

test for carbonate ion (CO3 2-)

add hydrochloric acid gas produced will be carbon dioxide - limewater test

test for ammonium ions

add sodium hydroxide warm gently red litmus paper turns blue

test for halide ions

Add dilute nitric acid then silver nitrate solution

test for halides - chloride

White precipitate of silver chloride

dilute ammonia - ppt dissolves

test for halides - bromide

Cream precipitate of silver bromide

conc ammonia - ppt dissolves

test for halides - iodide

Yellow precipitate of silver iodide

doesn't dissolve in ammonia

strontium flame

crimson

lithium flame

red

calcium flame

brick red

sodium flame

yellow

barium flame

green

potassium flame

lilac

magnesium flame

no colour

lithium carbonate thermal decomposition

Li2CO3 -> Li2O + CO2

group 2 carbonate thermal decomposition

MCO3 -> MO + CO2

group 1 nitrate thermal decomposition

metal oxide, brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen

thermal decomposition trend group 2

harder to decompose down group

lithium nitrate decomposing

2LiNO3 -> Li2O + 2NO2 + 1/2O2

group 1 nitrate decomposition

metal nitrite + oxygen

group 2 nitrate decomposition

metal oxide + nitrogen oxide + oxygen

flourine

pale green gas

chlorine

yellow gas

bromine

volatile brown liquid

iodine

volatile dark grey solid

halogen displacement

a more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen

chlorine in water

colourless + water

chlorine in organic solvent

colourless

bromine in water

orange

bromine in organic solvent

orange + cyclohexane

iodine in water

red

iodine in organic solvent

dark purple