Studied by 56 peoplecommunication: sends and recieves info as well as integration and decision making
What does the nervous system do?
sensory/ afferent, integration, and motor/efferent
What are the 3 functions of the nervous system?
sensory
What function brings sensory info into the CNS
integration
What function processes info and makes decisions
motor
what function gives outgoing information to effector tissues?
the brain and spinal cord
The central nervous system consists of
nerves and receptors
the peripheral nervous system consists of
special senses and somatic
What are the 2 sections of the sensory/ afferent pathway?
detect pain, tactile info, temperature, proprioception
what does the somatic system do in the afferent pathway
somatic and autonomic
What are the 2 sections of the motor efferent pathway?
outgoing information to skeletal muscle
the somatic efferent pathway gives what?
involuntary
What autonomic nervous system is
sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric
The autonomic nervous system can be divided into what 3 sections
sympathetic
Fight or flight system, increases heart rate and blood pressure
parasympathetic
rest or digest system, decreases heart rate and blood pressure
enteric
system that innervates smooth muscle and glands in the GI
neurons
What is the functional unit of the nervous system?
astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, oligiodendrocytes
What are the 4 glial cells of the CNS
astrocytes
Helps form blood brain barrier and regulates ion concentrations
microglia
phagocytes that get rid of debri and microbes
ependymal cells
simple ciliated cuboidal cells that line ventricles and central canal of the CNS -circulates and secretes cerebrospinalal fluid
oligodendrocytes
wraps around and insulates the neurons of the CNS
Schwann Cells
responsible for myelination in the PNS
satellite cell
provides structural support and regulates fluid exchange in the PNS
nerve fibers
What are extensions from cell body of neurons
synapse
Where neuron meets another neuron or connective tissue
propogates
the axon _____ electrical signal
the axon hillock
Where is action potentials generated
dendrites
Branches off the cell body of neurons
to recieve signals
What are the functions of dendrites
microtubule track
What is the pathway for protiens to carry down track
physical
Axonal transport transports _____ substances
slow and fast
What are the 2 types of axonal transport
cell body to axon terminal
Slow axonal transport goes in what direction
bidirectional
fast axonal transport is ___-
retrograde
what is the type of transport that goes from axon terminal to the cell body
multipolar, bipolar, and psuedounipolar
What are the 3 structural classifications of neurons
multipolar
Neuron structure that has several dendrties and one axon
bipolar
neuron structure that has one main dendrite and one axon
pseudounipolar
neuron structure that has dendrites and one axon that are fused togehter to form a continuous process that emerges from the cell body
ganglia
clusters of cell bodies in the PNS
nuclei
clusters of cell bodies in the CNS
nerve
bundles of axons in the PNS
tract
bundles of axons in the CNS
white
matter that contains myelinated axons of neurons
gray
matter that has no myelination of axons
dura mater, skull cap, blood brain barrier, cerebrospinal fluid
What are the protective coverings of the CNS
dura mater
What is the most superficial meninge
dense irregular CT
what is the dura mater made of
arachnoid mater
what is the web-like appearance mater made of collagen and elastic fibers
the pia mater
What is the deepest meninge
epithelial and simple squamous
what type of tissue and cells is the pia mater
interstital fluid
What is the subdural space filled with
CSF
what is the subarachnoid space filled with?
shock absorption
What do the fluids in space between meninges help
to regulate what passes from the blood to the brain
What is the function of the blood brain barrier
tight junctions, astrocytes, and thick basement membranes
What three things help secure capillarys in the blood brain barrier
mostly water, with some ions that are highly regulated
What is CSF made of
mechanical protection, chemical protection, and circulation
What are the 3 major functions of CSF
lateral ventricle> 3rd ventricle> cerebral aqueduct> 4th ventricle> either subarachnoid space or central canal of spinal cord> reabsorbed into venous circulation
Describe the flow of CSF
equal
Rate of formation of CSF is ____ to rate of absorption of CSF
Brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum, and cerebrum
What are the 4 major regions of the brain
midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
What are the 3 sections of the brainstem?
midbrain
coordinates movement of the head, neck, and trunk after visual stimuli
pons
relays motor information to cerebellum -"bridge"
medulla oblongata
cardiovascular and respiratory control center
thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland
What are the 3 sections of the Diencephalon
thalamus
relays almost all sensory information to the brain
hypothalamus
responsible for endocrine functions, thirst hunger, and temperature
pineal gland
makes and secretes melatonin for sleep regualtion
cerebellum
coordinates movement, balance and posture
arbor vitae
the cerebellum contains a tree like structure called
cerebral cortex
what is the outer gray matter of the cerebrum
deep
the cerebrum has ____ nuclei
corpus callosum
bridge between the right and left side of the brain
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula
What are the lobes of the cerebrum
frontal lobe
has motor functions, contains the motor cortex
parietal lobe
contains the somatosensory cortex, recieves nerve impulses for touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle, temp., pain and proprioception
temporal
audio and olfactory processing lobe
occipital lobe
recieves visual information and is involved in visual perception
insula
recieves impulses for taste and is involved in gustatory perception and taste discrimination
medulla oblongata to 2nd lumbar vertebrae
The spinal cord runs from where to where?
shorter
The spinal cord is ____ than spinal column
conus medullaris
What is the end of the spinal cord called
31
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there
the cord is tissue the column is bony structure
What is the difference between the spinal cord and spinal column
ventral
motor nerves are always on the ____ side
dorsal
sensory nerves are always on the _____ side
brings information up to or down from the brain
White matter in the spinal cord does what?
epinerium
the dura mater fuses with waht around the spinal cord
dorsal root
What is A
dorsal gray horn
What is B
central canal
What is C
sensory neuron
What is d
autonomic motor neuron
what is e
sensory motor neuron
what is f
interneuron
what is g
ventral gray horn
what is h
ventral root
what is i
lateral gray horn
what is j
Note
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