Culture
the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people
Culture trait
The specific customs that are part of the everyday life of a particular culture, such as language, religion, ethnicity, social institutions, and aspects of popular culture.
Folk/indigenous culture
Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.
Popular culture
Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.
Architecture
The look of housing, affected by the availability of materials, the environment the house is in, and the popular culture at the time
Cultural relativism
Not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal
Ethnocentrist
Belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group
Cultural landscape
An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationship among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.
Linguistic
Pertaining to language
Sequent occupance
The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
Traditional architecture
Traditional building style of different cultures, religions and places
Postmodern architecture
Design buildings that are visually pleasing to human beings and provide modern humans with a link to their past.
Ethnicity
Identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth.
Gender
The difference between men and women
Ethnic enclave
A place with a high concentration of an ethic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area.
Indigenous community
Communities that live within, or are attached to, geographically distinct traditional habitats or ancestral territories, and who identify themselves as being part of a distinct cultural group
Sense of place
The meanings of and the attachment to a place held by an individual or a community
Placemaking
the process of creating quality places that people want to live, work, play, and learn in
Centripetal force
A culture value that tends to unify people
Centrifugal force
A cultural value that tends to pull people apart
Relocation diffusion
The spread of a feature or tend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
Expansion diffusion
The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process
Contagious diffusion
The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population
Hierarchical diffusion
The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
Stimulus diffusion
The spread of an underlying principle
Creolization
The process of native language creation by mixing two or more languages
Lingua franca
A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages
Colonialism
An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force
Urbanization
An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements
Globalization
Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope
Time-space convergence
The decline in travel time between geographical locations as a result of transportation, communication, and related technological and social innovations
Cultural convergence
The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication
Cultural divergence
The likelihood or tendency for cultures to become increasingly dissimilar with the passage of time.
Language Family
A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.
Language dialect
Variations of the same language used by groups of people from specific geographic areas, social groups, or ethnic backgrounds
Cultural hearth
a center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward
Indo-European language family
The language family that includes all European languages (which are widely spoken in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Australasia) and Indian and Iranian
Universalizing religion
A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular place
Christianity
A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.
Islam
A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.
Buddhism
A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.
Sikhism
A monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak.
Ethnic religion
A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated.
Hinduism
A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms
Judaism
the monotheistic religion of the Jews
Acculturation
The process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups, each of which retains distinct cultural features
Assimilation
The process by which a group's cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group
Syncretism
The combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature
Multiculturalism
The view that cultures, races, and ethnicities, particularly those of minority groups, deserve special acknowledgment of their differences within a dominant political culture.
Official language
Used by the government of a country for laws, reports, signs , public objects, etc.
Language group
A collection of languages that share a more recent past with similar vocabularies and some overlap.
Dialects
Variations in accent, grammar usage, and spelling
Creole language
When two languages combine and develop into a new language with native speakers.
Pidgin language
An extremely simplified language used by two people that speak two languages.
Language branch
A collection of languages that share a common origin from thousands of years ago-separated from other languages in their family.