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Normal weight of new born
7.5 pounds
Normal length of newborn
21 inches
normal heat rate of newborn
120-140 bpm
normal respirations of newborn
30-60 breaths per min
normal blood pressure of newborn
65/41
what is the first bowel movement of a newborn
meconium
meconium characteristics
black, tarry
color of shit from breastmilk
yellow
color of shit from formula
light brown
neurological development of neonatal
myelination of the nervous system
Gastrointestinal status of new born
stomach is the size of a marble, delayed gastric emptying,
when do posterior fontanels close
9 months
when do anterior fontanels close
18 months
when should head lag be gone
4 months
how long should a baby drink breast milk
1 year
preterm
born several weeks before due date, small but weight may still be appropriate depending how long they were in the uterus
how long does a preterm baby have to “catch up”
3 years
low birth weight
below expected weight in consideration with how long they were in the uterus
what does low birth weight cause (long term)
more developmental problems during middle childhood
weight of infant development
doubles by 5 months (ab 15 pounds)
triples by 1 year (ab 22 pounds)
height of infant development
grows 1 inch per year
1.5x birth height at 1 year
infant brain development
neural fibers and synapses increase
first 2 years are critical for brain development
vision of infant
20/80, can focus on objects, match faces with objects
binocularity
using both eyes, develops at 6 months
infant hearing 3-4 months
locate sounds by turning head
infant hearing by 9 months
sensitive to individual words
At 3-4 months how long should a newborn be sleeping through the night
9-11 hours
how many hours a day is a newborn sleeping
15 hours
2 naps, short in the morning, long one in afternoon
moro reflex
startle
develops in utero (28-32 weeks)
spreading/pulling arms and crying
resolves after 4 months
tonic neck
fencing
resolves after 4 months
rooting
birth to 4 months
becomes voluntary
turn head towards anything that strokes cheek or mouth
parachute
older infants, starts at 6 or 7 months
child is held upright and baby’s body is rotated quickly
does not disappear!!!!
palmar grasp
birth to 4 months
place finger in baby’s hand and they grasp it
babinski
reflex of toes
toes fan out (+), toes curl in (-)
abnormal after 12-18 months
stepping reflex
birth to 4 months
soles of feet touch surface and they attempt to walk
holds head upright
6 weeks (gross)
rolls from side to side
2 months (gross)
rolls both ways
6 months (gross)
sits alone
7 months (gross)
crawls
9 months (gross)
stands alone, walks/cruises
12 months (gross)
hands fisted primarily
2 months (fine)
hold toy and shake it
4 months (fine)
pass things from hand to hand
6 months (fine)
peek-a-boo, pincer (pick up food)
9 months (fine)
pokes with index finger
12 months (fine)
when is object permanence developed
8 months
when does imitation start
after 6 months
psychosocial stage of development for infant
trsut vs. mistrust
speech and language of infant at 2 months
cooing
speech and language of infant at 4 months
imitate face expression
speech and language of infant at 6 months
string sounds together, babbling combines syllables
speech and language of infant at 9-10 months
understand the meaning of no and simple commands combined with gestures and pointing to things
speech and language of infant at 12 months
say 3-5 words, mama and dada, can follow simple directions
0-3 months play of infant
not much going on, entertained, may smile
3-6 months play of infant
more interested, rattle, laugh at 4 months (shows preferences for toys)
6-12 months play of infant
involves sensorimotor skills, peek-a-boo, imitation, selective to toys they like, wont play with strangers
what should babies not have in their crib
literally anything
weight changes in early childhood
4-6 pounds per year
height changes in early childhood
3 inches per year
brain development in eacly childhood
myelinations of spinal cord is almost complete at 2
area for speech and motor control continue to develop
emotional control and memory improves
typical amount of sleep per day for early childhood
11-12 hours, 1 nap her day
runs, go up stairs with hand held, jumps in place with both feet
18 months (gross toddler)
kicks ball forward
24 moths (gross toddler)
stand on foot for 1-2 seconds, can tip toe walk
30 months (gross toddler)
walk up and down steps alternating feet
36 months (gross toddler)
running, walking well, climbing, broad jumps, rides tricycle
3 years (gross preschool)
skips, hops on 1 foot, catches ball
4 years (gross
preschool psychosocial stage of development
initiative vs. guilt
how to preschoolers play
alongside, not with one another
school age height development
2 inches per year, gain 1-2 feet during this period
school age weight development
5 pounds per year
when is vision maturity reached
6-7 years 20/20
psychosocial stage of school age child
industry vs. inferiority
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