AP World Unit 1 Vocab

fast-ripening and drought-resistent strain of rice

a set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell

skilled craftworkers

entirely new social class created by bureaucratic expansion; educated in Confucian philosophy

the duty of family members to subordinate their desires to those of the male head of the family and ruler

inexpensive and efficient internal waterway transportation system; extended over 30,000 miles

replaced the Tang; ruled for three centuries; prosperous and arts flourished

a vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empire’s policies

China’s bureaucratic system; holding power based on merit and ability

technique for printing text; first used by the Chinese

Chinese practice of women tightly bandaging their feet; common among aristocratic families

form of Buddhism focused on spiritual growth through silent meditation and self-discipline; strongest in Southeast Asia

form of Buddhism focused on spiritual growth for all beings on service; strongest in China and Korea

form of Buddhism focused on chanting; strongest in Tibet

fused

syncretic faith of Buddhist doctrines combined with elements of Daoist traditions

a syncretic system combining rational thought with abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism

a period in which Japan emulated Chinese traditions in politics, art, and literature

a family with just a wife, husband, and their children

the practice of having more than one wife at the same time

established in Egypt after the Mamluks seized control of the government

Central Asian Muslims who challenged the Abbasids

Seljuk leader

from Central Asia; ended the Seljuk rule

Arab Dynasty led by Arabs and Persians

enslaved people purchased by Arabs; frequently ethnic Turls from Central Asia; served as soldiers and later as bureaucrats

founder of Islam

European Christian soldiers who sought to reopen access to Jerusalem

dimension of Islam; emphasized introspection to grasp truths they believed couldn’t be understood by learning

renowned center of learning in Baghdad

celebrated Islamic scholars; contirbuted to astronomy, law, logic, ethics, mathematics, philosophy and medicine

most prolific female Muslim writer before 20th century

kingdom founded by two Hindu brothers who converted to Islam for upward mobility

Hindu kingdoms led by leaders of numerous clans; in India and present-day Pakistan

Islamic empire in the city of Delhi; brought Islam into India

Hindu kingdom based on Sumatra; prospered by charging fees for ships and traveling between India and China

based on Java; sustained its power controlling seat routes; Buddhist

located in Sri Lanka; roots in arrival of immigrants from North India; drew power from control over land

Angkor Kingdom; did not depend on maritime prowess for its power

kingdom in Thailand; Thais of this area invaded the Angkor Wat Buddhist temple complex

actively seek converts

started in southern India; focus on developing a strong attachment to a particular deity

Islamic architecture; built during Delhi Sultanate, mosque on a Hindu temple

language melding grammatical pattern of Hindi, vocab or Arabic, and some elements of Farsi

First large-scale civilization in North America; started near Mississippi River Valley

social standing determined by the woman’s side of the family

largest mound built by the Mississippians

main form of Mayan government; ruled by a king and consisting of a city and its surrounding territory

The Aztecs, originally hunter-gathers who migrated to Mexico

rule by religious leaders

conquering tribes near modern-day Peru and combined them into the Incan Empire

mandatory public service for the Incas

roadway system built by Incas; used by the government and military

core of Incan religion; Incan temple to honor the sun and royal

belief that elements of the physical world could have supernatural powers

families governed themselves

language that blended Bantu and Arabic

a series of revolts led by enslaved East Africans and Arab workers

network of trading routes across the great desert

wall of stone constructed around Zimbabwe; first large wall on the continent

seven states formed by the people of Hausa

rose in the place of the weakened Ghanian state

required the king to respect certain rights; King John forced to sign

large fiefs or estates

a system that provided economic self sufficiency and defense

crops were rotated through three fields; one for wheat or rye for food, one for legumes to fertilize soil, third field remained fallow

decentralized political organization based on a system of exchanges of land for loyalty

peasants; not enslaved but tied to the land

rules in which the eldest son inherited the entire estate

the middle class; included shopkeepers, merchants, craftspeople, and small landholders

a body to advise the king; included representatives from each of the three legal classes

the legal classes in France

German King crowned Holy Roman Emperor

Italian native from Venice; wrote about the customs of the people he wrote in his visit to the court of Kublai Khan

a period characterized by a revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature art, culture, and civic virtue

focus on individuals rather than God

a split in the Christian Church in Europe; Orthodox Church in the east, Roman Catholic Church in most of Europe

anti-jewish sentiment; widespread among Christians

five-century cooling of the climate

a dispute over whether a secular/non-religious leader, rather than the Pope, could invest bishops with symbols of the office