Complex ions

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What is a complex ion?

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1

What is a complex ion?

A (transition) metal ion surrounded by co-ordinately bonded ligands, e.g., [Cu(H2O)]2+.

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2

What is a ligand?

An atom, ion or molecule that donates a pair of electrons to the central (transition) metal ion in a complex ion.

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3

What are the three different types of ligands?

  • monodentate

  • bidentate

  • multidentate

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4

What is a monodentate ligand and what is an example of one?

A ligand that can only form one coordinate bond with a central ion, e.g., Cl- or H2O.

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5

What is a multidentate ligand and what is an example of one?

A ligand that can form more than one co-ordinate bond, e.g., EDTA4-.

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6

What is a bidentate ligand and what is an example of one?

A type of multidentate ligand that can form two coordinate bonds with a central (transition) metal ion, e.g., Ethane-1,2-diamine (NH2CH2CH2NH2). This as a lone pair on each nitrogen.

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7

How can you determine the total oxidation state of a transition metal complex ion?

It is written outside of the square brackets.

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8

How can you determine the charge of the central metal ion in a complex ion?

Total charge of the complex ion - the sum of the charges of all the ligands.

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9

What does the shape of a transition metal ion depend on?

  • It’s coordination number.

  • If the ligands are small (like H2O/NH3), six can fit around the central ion.

  • If the ligands are large (like Cl-), only four will fit around the central ion.

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10

What is the shape of complex ions with a co-ordination number of six?

Octahedral. They often have water or ammonia ligands. The dashed lines are bonds sticking out and the wedges are bonds going in.

<p>Octahedral. They often have water or ammonia ligands. The dashed lines are bonds sticking out and the wedges are bonds going in.</p>
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11

What is the shape of complex ion with a co-ordination number of four?

Tetrahedral. However, a few molecules will have a square planar shape.

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12

What is an example of a transition metal ion with a square planar structure and what is it used for?

Cisplatin, an anti-cancer drug.

<p>Cisplatin, an anti-cancer drug. </p>
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13

What is the shape of transition metal ions with a co-ordination number of two?

Linear. An example is Tollens reagent [Ag(NH3)2]+.

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