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race
is identity with a group of people who are perceived to share physiological trait, such as skin color
nationality
is identity with a group of people who share legal attachment to a particular country
ethnicities
is identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth. could refer to a small or large group
18% of this racial concentration in the US, largest concentrations in CA
Hispanics (latinos)
6% of this racial concentration in the US, largest concentrations in HI & CA
Asian
13% of this racial concentration in the US, largest concentrations in MS
Black or African American
1% of this racial concentration in the US, largest concentrations in the plains states (Dakotas)
American Indian or Alaskan Native
First African Americans arrive in British colonies
1619
US constitution bans importation of Africans for slavery
1808
Triangular Trade
Transatlantic trade network of 17th and 18th centuries that involved abduction and enslavement of West Africans
The Great Migration
African Americans moved from the rural south to the urban north
Sharecropping
a system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop
White flight
whites move from urban cores to suburbs
Blockbusting
white homeowners were encouraged to sell urban homes
Redlining
banks restricted African Americans to certain areas/neighborhoods
What year was the Plessy vs Ferguson case?
1896
What ideas did the Plessy vs Ferguson case to spread?
idea of "separate but equal"
What year was the Brown vs Board of Education?
1954
What ideas did the Brown vs Board of Education case to spread?
went against everything Plessy vs Ferguson stated
What year was the Black Lives Matter movement?
2013
what was the black lives movement?
Social movement that responded to the police killing many unarmed black men
Apartheid
Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
nationalism
Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality
centripetal force
a belief that one nation is better than all the other nations
What is the ethnic conflict in turkey
Turkish are most responsible for preventing an independent and sovereign Kurdistan. Turkish government view Kurdish independence groups as terrorists
Where and what ethnicity is most of Turkey
75% Turkish Sunni Muslim; Western Turkey
What is the ethnic conflict in Iraq
Ethnicities wrestle for power in a country that didn't exist before the Treaty of Versailles when the borders were drawn for oil reserves
When was the Treaty of Versailles
1919
What is the ethnic conflict in Syria
The dictator Bashar al Assad and the Alawites have controlled the government for generations, despite a bitter civil war from 2011
What is the biggest ethnic group in Syria
60% Arab Sunni Muslim; Eastern interior
What is the ethnic conflict in Lebanon
18 different religions and their representation in the Lebanese government create conditions conflict Ethnic "Lebanese" are found in concentrations in both north and South America as a result of the Lebanese Civil War
two major ethnicities in Lebanon
55% Arab Muslim, 40% Christian (ethnic Phoenicians)
what is the ethnic conflict in Pakistan
Durand Line: British created boundary (1890s) that divides both Pashtuns and Balachi: Afghanistan doesn't recognize the boundary
what is the ethnic conflict in Afghanistan
The Pashtun extremist group the Taliban, controls the government
what is the ethnic conflict in the Caucasus
Russian support independence for South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Most people in the Azerbaijan region of Nagorno
nation
a large group of people who are united by common cultural characteristics such as language and ethnicity, or by shared history
state
An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs.
Ethnophobia
Fear of people of a particular ethnicity
xenophobia
fear of people who are from other countries
ethnic cleansing
A purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror
Genocide
the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.
How many Jews died in the Holocaust?
6 million
Result of Holocaust
millions of people migrated as a result of border changes after the war
Balkanization
process by which a state breaks down into smaller states through conflicts among its ethnicities
What happened in Kosovo
When Yugoslavia broke up, Serbia tool control of Kosovo. Serbia attempted to get rid of all Albanians and in response NATO bombed Serbia and Kosovo declared independence
Janjaweed
Government
How many distinct ethnicities are there in Africa
3,000
city
states
centralized government
a state whose government is controlled by a small group or individual
constitutional government
organization, responsibilities, and powers are codified in a document
notable exceptions of constitutional government
saudi arabia (absolute monarchy), and China&Cuba (communism)
Democracy
citizen chose leaders and participate in government through elections
autocracy
leaders inherit power, or are selected as a political elite
anocracy
a mixture of democracy and autocracy
unitary states
most governmental powers reside at the national level
federal states
governmental powers split between national and local levels
what years were the cold war
1945
hot war
fought with bullets and bombs
cold war
fought with words ideas and threats
what two superpowers remained after the cold war
US and USSR
domino theory
A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.
what year was the Cuban Missile Crisis
1962
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons intended to kill or harm on a large scale
deterrence
US and USSR produce thousands on nuclear missiles during the Cold War to only be used as a threat
Nuclear Non
Proliferation Treaty
Suspect state
a state that is secretly developing a nuclear weapon
Supranationalism
the process of states organizing politically and economically into one organization
Millitary Alliances
NATO, Warsaw pact
Economic alliances
EU, OPEC
Political/military alliances
UN, AU
frontiers
a zone separating two states in which neither state has political control
Superimposed Boundaries
Boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern.
relic boundaries
a non
How many representatives are in the US house of representatives (since 1911)
435
Gerrymandering
manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.
Most Active Terrorist Groups
Al Qaeda, Al Shabaab, ISIS, Taliban
Intifada
"The Uprising" against Israel by some Palestinians
state of the world
political unit riled by established gov w/ control
state of the US
subdivision within a state, the US
appro. how many states are in the world today
200
microstate
states within a very small land area
sovereignty
ability of a state to govern its territory free from control
nation
peoples united by cultural characteristics like language
nation
state
self
deternimation
colony
a territory that's legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independant
3 motives for European colonization
promote christianity, extract resources, and establish relative power
when was the UN established
1945 after WWII
when was NATO established
1949
where is the headquarters of the UN
New York City, NY
where is the headquarters of NATO
Brussels, Belgium
When was the EU established
1958
What kind of alliance is NATO
A political and military Alliance
What kind of alliance is UN
military alliance
what kind of alliance in EU
political and economic union
What was the purpose UN was established
Established promote peace through economics and international trade
What was the purpose NATO was established
Established to prevent the Soviet Union from invading the democracies of Europe
What was the purpose EU was formed
Establish to create a forum to resolve international controversies peacefully
Elongated State
much longer in one direction than the other (ex. norway)
Fragmented State
has several non contiguous pieces of territory (ex. Indonesia)
Note
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