Apol Obj. Test

Presocratic times

All is water (nature)

All is math (Grace)

Man is the measure of all things; Homo mensura

Classical Times

Disagreed with Sophists (No such thing as truth); believed in real truth and real virtue; Taught Plato

• Socratic Method

Truth IN all of us; Everything is ideal; Taught Aristotle

• (Pointed up; Intangible ideas)

• Allegory of the Cave

Logic and natural world was more important; 4 elements: (Fire, Earth, Wind, Water, Quintessence)

• (Pointed down; Tangible things)

• 3 Laws of Logic: Identity, Law of non-Contradiction, Excluded Middle

• 2 Senses: Direct and Indirect

1. Identity (It is what it is A=A)

2. Law of non-Contradiction (A ≠ non-A; Its not what its not)

3. Excluded Middle (A or Non-A; It is what it isnt)

Geocentric (Earth middle of universe)

Reason and faith CANNOT contradict; Physical things too not ALL just Spiritual

• “Reason is the vestibule of Faith”

Middle Ages

Renaissance

Painted REAL nature (rebirth of Classical spiritual themes but painted them realistically)

• The 3 Marys of the Tomb & Adoration of the Lamb

• (Influenced by Aquinas!)

School of Athens (Plato up (spiritual); Aristotle down (physical)

• (Aristotle is also holding a book to represent logic)

Shallow Relief (very realistic); Faith and nature TOGETHER!

• John the Evangelist (Sculpted John and himself; saying how both are real people and exist)

• Sculptor

Creation of Adam (Finger of God); Sculpture of David

• Sistine Chapel Ceiling!

Mona Lisa (1517)

• Universities (Unification in diversity)

Age of Discovery and Reformation; Modern Times!

5 Solas

1. Scriptora: Scripture alone

2. Gratia: Grace alone

3. Fide: Faith alone

4. Christus: Truth alone (1 Truth)

5. De Gloria: God alone (God only knows the glory)

• John Calvin: Unity of Grace and Nature

Hans Holbien; Science and Religion together

Hans Holbien; Jesus telling Mary not to touch

Rembrant; Angel floating over woman; Religion and Nature seen as real and together

Cranach the Elder; People eating together and conversing

Peter Brugel; Normal feast, people eating and carrying pie, etc

Rembrant; God touches Man in the painting; God is shown to be red w/ mon

1. Direct (5 Senses)

2. Indirect (Logically infer from 5 Senses)

Enlightenment

Heliocentric (Sun is the center of the universe)

Father of Science; Scientific Method (there must be a way to KNOW truth)

Used the telescope to observe that Venus had phases; Disproved Geocentric theory (Ptolmey!)

• Earth goes AROUND the Sun

• God AND Science

Christian; Planetary motion

• Convinced God existed through geometry; Mind of God is Geometry

Empircism (All knowledge from experience)

• Govt got ideas from God

• Physical= Nonphysical

• ‘We have sin nature so we can’t be truth

• Puritan; English

• Faith/Reason (Separate)

Skeptic; “I think there I am” (Should be: I am therefore I think)

• Based on own mind; belief in logic ONLY→ Rationalism

• French

Matter=mind, Grace=nature, Natural world IS God

• Pantheist!!

• Jew…got kicked out

• Dutch

• Benedict

Age of Reason

‘I Kant know everything about reality’; Ultimate reality CANNOT be known

• Optimistic Humanism (Believe whatever to bring urself joy)

• Ex: Infinity

Radical Skepticism; b/c there’s no direct perception, we cannot know EXACTLY

• Scottish

• ‘Cause and Effect’ may NOT be true

Deist (God on Vacation); Volcano book: Where is God? Why is there evil?

Religious Skepticism (Seen as a Deist); Cut out miracles in the Bible

See if the arguments contradict themselves

• Ex: “There is no truth!” “Is that true?”

Age of Revolution

Origin of Species and the Preservation of the Favored Races; Descent of Man (evol theory)

• Negative Humanism

Optimistic Humanism; Communist Manifesto & Das Kapital (Dedicated to DARWIN)

• Strip families apart, have parents not care for kids, sex out of marriage, etc

Father of Secular Existentialism & Post Modernism; “God is dead”

• No purpose for sanity.. reasonable to be insane

• Parable of the Madman

• Suffered mental collaspe

Man is his own agent with nothing in his way; Man IS the supreme authority Homo Mensura (Man is the measure of all things…Protagorus)

“If God is dead, anything is permissible”

• The Brothers Karamozo

“The Scream” (Skirk)

• Modern man; God is dead so he is filled w/ angst b/c there is no hope/purpose

Impressionism art

Stone Breakers; Funeral at Ornans “Show me an angel”

• Expression of human misery

Realism

Existentialism!!

• Danish

• “God is Wholly Other”; Irrational leap of faith

• Bible is a record of experiences

Age of Destruction; Post Modernism

Raymond Bragg

1. No Creator

2. No creation

   • John Dewey: Father of Public Education signed this agreeing

Humans ARE animals

Hitler kills 12 mil. Jews

• Man kills God, Man kills man

• Mein Kampf (My struggle or my battle) dedicated to Charles Darwin

Mao (30 mil); Stalin (50 mil)

Soupcans; Throws paint at canvas

The Stranger; Plague; Fall

• Absurd: Pointless guest for meaning

• Didn’t care at all for God

• Meursault: Main character

• Maman (Mommy) funeral

• 4 times he shot the gun at the Arab man

Wilson & Kurtz; Too Optimistic

• 40 yrs past since 1st 1

• Nazism

  Abortion in the US (Roe v Wade)

T= Teach

A= Art

L= Language

E= Entertainment

Circle of reality

1916 Dada (Anti-beauty; Anti-art)

• The Fountain

• Mona Lisa Mustache (L.H.O.O.Q)

Non-Representational Art

• “Culmination”

• A ‘fake meaning’

• No author; no viewers

• Dadaism