Biostatistics and Epidemiology (Lec) - Modules 1 to 4

Biostatistics

Epidemiology

Which of the following studies involve the study of multiple exposures that may be related to a single outcome?

a. Incidence

b. Case-control

c. Cohort

d. Cross-sectional

Association type: The sampling technique used in a study in order to understand the population.
A) Critical case
B) Extreme case

a. Both A and B are associated

b. Neither A nor B is associated

c. Only B is associated

d. Only A is associated

Association type: Case-control study:
A) Case - subjects have outcome of interest
B) Control - subjects do not have outcome of interest

a. Only A is associated

b. Both A and B are associated

c. Neither a nor B is associated

d. Only B is associated

Which of the following sampling techniques is used to surveying a specialist on a particular topic?

a. Expert case

b. Typical case

c. Critical case

d. Extreme case

Which of the following scales of measurement of data: Money

a. Ordinal

b. Ratio

c. Interval

d. Nominal

Association type: The amount of drug injected into a rat:
A) Discrete variable
B) Continuous variable

a. Neither A nor B is associated

b. Only A is associated

c. Only B is associated

d. Both A and B are associated

Which of the following suitable graph? Number of patients requesting PCR COVID-testing including the results on September 1 to September 30, 2021

a. Line chart

b. Scatter plot

c. Pie chart

d. Bar chart

Association type: Graphical presentation that shows X-axis - numerical variable and Y-axis - relative frequency:
A) Histogram
B) Line plot

a. Both A and B are associated

b. Neither A nor B is associated

c. Only B is associated

d. Only A is associated

1,000 health city government officials need to be surveyed to find out which told are best suited for their jobs. Assuming the margin of error used is 0.05, what is the sample based on Slovin’s formula?

a. 86

b. 286

c. 450

d. 200

Association type: Observational study provides a comparison group.
A) Descriptive study
B) Analytical study

a. Both A and B are associated

b. Only A is associated

c. Only B is associated

d. Neither A nor B is associated

Which of the following scales of measurement of data: Convalescing patients

a. Ordinal

b. Interval

c. Ratio

d. Nominal

Which of the ff. suitable graphs? Study of prevalence of dengue on year 2010-2018

a. Line graph

b. Pie chart

c. Scatterplot

d. Bar graph

Association type: Study rare diseases:
A) Cross-sectional study
B) Cohort study

a. Both A and B is associated

b. Only A is associated

c. Only B is associated

d. Neither A nor B is associated

Association type: Principle involved: select all units within randomly selected geographic cluster:
A) Homogenous purposive sampling
B) Simple random sampling

a. Only B is associated

b. Only A is associated

c. Both A and B are associated

d. Neither A nor B is associated

These are observations of random variables made on the elements of a population.

a. Sample

b. Label

c. Data

d. Population

Which of the ff. sampling technique with this principle: the equal chance/probability of selecting each person in the population

a. Cluster

b. Systematic

c. Simple random

d. Stratified

Association type: Refers to the method of getting a small part of the population:
A) Sample
B) Sampling

a. Neither A nor B is associated

b. Both A and B are associated

c. Only A is associated

d. Only B is associated

Determine the type of sampling technique with this study: Ms. Santos samples her class, selecting all students sitting at Group 1 and Group 5 in her classroom.

a. Stratified

b. Systematic

c. Cluster

d. None

Which of the ff. statistical application? You collect data on the SAT scores of all 11th graders in the school for 3 years.

a. Descriptive

b. Inferential

c. Both are correct answers

d. No correct answer

A company packaging chocolate bars maintains the quality control by randomly selecting 100 chocolates from each day’s production and weighs them. Identify the sample technique.

a. Convenience

b. Stratified

c. Cluster

d. Systematic

The scenario is 8:00 Monday morning, the first 100 teachers entering the front door are selected to be in the sample. This is what type of sampling design?

a. Cluster

b. Self-selection

c. Systematic

d. Convenience

Which of the ff. study? The hypothesis is tested and is about relationship between health problems and possible risk factors.

a. Descriptive

b. Analytical

c. Both are correct answers

d. No correct answer

Which of the ff. types of variable? The measurement where the difference between 2 values HAS meaning. An example is pH level.

a. Interval

b. Nominal

c. Ordinal

d. Ratio

These are examples of a continuous variable, EXCEPT:
1) Breed of dog
2) Population of city
3) Height
4) Gender

a. 2 and 3

b. 1 and 3

c. 1, 2, and 3

d. 1 and 4

What is the mean of the group data?
Classes--frequency
10-19---7
20-29---13
30-39---15
40-49---9
50-59---16

a. 22

b. 37

c. 32

d. 27

Quota sampling is categorized as non-probability sampling. It deals with the percentage of each group in the population that must be represented in proportion in the study.

a. Both are true

b. 1st statement is true

c. Neither is true

d. 2nd statement is false

Which of the ff. scales of measurement of data: Election vote

a. Nominal

b. Ordinal

c. Interval

d. Ratio

They are often called the average of numerical set of data:

a. Standard Deviation

b. Mode

c. Mean

d. Median

Which of the ff. study designs? It describes exposure.

a. Cohort

b. Case-control

c. Cross-sectional

d. None of these

Which of the ff. descriptive research does not answer?

a. Why

b. Who

c. What

d. When

Descriptive or analytic study:

How is COVID-19 transmitted to another person?

Descriptive or analytic study:

The black plague is caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis.

Descriptive or analytic study:

An ecological study to determine the effect of exposure to radiation from the Chernobyl incident.

Descriptive or analytic study:

Determining the underlying cause of diabetes in a community.

Descriptive or analytic study:

What date was the first incident of COVID-19 in the count?

Identify what study design:

A study on the efficacy of apple cider vinegar (ACV) to curb appetite, wherein some participants were given a pill that contains ACV but some were given a pill that contains water.

Identify what study design:

A study on diabetes using only women of ages 40-45, that are residing in Brgy. Palanan, Makati City as participants.

Identify what study design:

A study on the prevalence of cholera in London back in the 1950s.

Identify what study design:

A study on a unique case of microcephaly wherein the head is smaller than normal when the infant experiences hypoxia.

Identify what study design:

An incident was recorded wherein an infant was born reactive for COVID-19 right after being born.

Identify the level of measurement of data:

Sample of college instruction classified according to subject taught

Identify the level of measurement of data:

Social class

Identify the level of measurement of data:

Salaries of nurses in a hospital

Identify the level of measurement of data:

Number of exams given in a Biostatistics course

Identify the level of measurement of data:

Classification of students according to the major field

Identify the level of measurement of data:

Weights of suitcases on a selected commercial airline flight

Identify the level of measurement of data:

Horsepower of motorcycle engines

Identify the level of measurement of data:

Temperatures of a sample of automobile tires tested at 55 miles/hr

Identify the level of measurement of data:

Election vote

Identify the level of measurement of data:

President Duterte’s cabinet members

Count

Ratio

Rate

Incidence

Prevalence

Proportion

Vital Statistics

Census

Every 10 years

Valid

Specific

Mortality

Morbidity