PE Paper 1

Range of movement at a joint

Ability to continuously exercise without tiring

Ability to keep a body's centre of mass over its base support

The ability of your muscles to exert a force.

Ability to use different body parts together accurately and fluently

Ability to change direction with speed

Combination of speed and strength

Ability of a group of muscles to repeatedly contract without tiring

Ability of the body or parts of the body to move quickly

The time taken to respond to a stimulus.

12 minute cooper run

press up or sit up test

30m sprint

Hand grip dynamometer test

standing broad jump

sit and reach

Illinois agility test

Standing stork test

hand ball toss

Ruler drop test

transport oxygen around the body

Muscles in the blood vessels relax, causing lumen to widen to enable increased blood flow

Relaxation of the heart

Contraction of the heart

1. Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium.

2. Tricuspid valve opens, filling right ventricle.

3. Blood moves to lungs via pulmonary artery, semilunar valves close.

4. Oxygenation occurs in lungs.

5. Oxygenated blood enters left atrium via pulmonary vein.

6. Bicuspid valve opens, blood enters left ventricle.

7. Oxygenated blood is ejected via aorta for body distribution

• Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Bicuspid valve → Left ventricle → Aorta

The number of times the heart beats per minute

the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat

Volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute:

• Blood goes around the body

• Delivers oxygen to working muscles

• Muscles that need oxygen the most receive it the most instead of other areas

A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

• thick muscle and elastic fibre walls

• narrow lumen to maintain high blood pressure

Very tiny, branching blood vessel where gas exchange occurs.

Tiny blood vessels made of a single layer of cells, making the exchange of substances between blood and tissues.

a vessel that carries Deoxygenated blood to the heart

thin walls because blood pressure is low and valves to prevent backflow.

The transport of air from outside the body to cells inside the body

number of breaths inspired (taken) per minute

The volume of gas inhaled and exhaled in a minute

tidal volume x respiratory rate, Vê = Vr x RR

tiny air sacs in the lungs

Trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles, alveoli , diaphragm, intercostal muscles, ribs

short distance sprint

tennis

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

glucose --> lactic acid + energy

a colorless syrupy organic acid formed in sour milk and produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise.

Can cause muscle pain and cramps

Doesn't require oxygen

• Increased cardiac output

• Increased muscle temperature

• Muscular endurance and strength increases

• Denser bones

• Heart becomes bigger and stronger

• Train harder/longer

• Denser bones

Deltoid, pectorals, biceps, abdominals, quadriceps, trapezius, triceps, latissimus dorsi, gluteals, hamstrings, gastronemius: calf

The muscle responsible for instigating the movement by contracting

The muscle that allows the movement to happen by relaxing

Muscles that stabilise other areas of the body required

effort, fulcrum, load ( EFL ), neck

fulcrum, load, effort ( FLE ), ankle

fulcrum, effort, load ( FEL ), elbow

The ability of a lever system to move a large load with a small force

The bone

The joint

The force from the muscles

Weight of the body part/ an object

Allows flexion, extension - bicep curl - walking

line runs from front to back through the centre of the body. For example, when a person performs a cartwheel they are rotating about the frontal axis.

passes through the middle of the body and divides the body horizontally in an upper and lower half. eg hip rotation in a golf swing, twisting in a discus throw, pivoting in netball, spinning in skating.

line runs from top to bottom through the centre of the body. For example, when a skater performs a spin they are rotating around the longitudinal axis.

passes through the middle of the body and divides the body horizontally in an upper and lower half. eg. hip rotation in a golf swing, twisting in a discus throw, pivoting in netball, spinning in skating.

Horizontal front to back

Allows adduction, abduction

left to right through the centre of the body. For example, when a person performs a somersault they rotate around this axis.

Allows flexion, extension

Ball and socket, hinge, Pivot

flexion and extension

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation

freely moveable joint

Strong connective tissue that connects bone to bone to prevent extreme movement, keeps joints stable

tough tissue that connects muscle to bone, often put under pressure during sport

Tough, smooth but flexible tissue that covers articulating ends of bones, reduce friction, absorbs shock to protect joints and are lubricated with synovial fluid

Bones that are directly involved in movement

• S(pecifity)

• P(rogession)

• O(verload)

• R(eversibility)

• T(ime bound)

• Frequency

• Intensity

• Time

• Type

exercise which stays at the same pace

Continuous workout but with varied speeds and terrains. Improves both aerobic and anaerobic fitness

alternating periods of high intense exercise with periods of rest

Performing a series of exercises, one after the other, with minimal rest

training that uses short bursts of very intense exercise interspersed with only a few minutes of rest or low-intensity exercise. Improves power output

physical training that involves lifting weights

type of training which trains muscles to be more explosive

Personal Protection Equipment

• Footwear( appropriate/specific)

• PPE

• Level of competition

• Age, gender, ability, weight

• Lifting correctly

• Warm up/Cool down

• equipment not stored/ used properly

• any liquid on the floor

• inadequate run off area

• too many people: overcrowded

• equipment not stored correctly

• supervision

• wet floor

• poor technique

• appropriate footwear

• weather

• quality of Astro

• appropriate run off area

• poop

• litter

• slippery surfaces

• ph of water

• signs of deep end