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You find burnt stone tools at a hominid occupation sit in East Africa. What dating method would you use?
Thermoluminescence
A hominid occupation is found between two tuff (or tephra) layers resulting from two different volcanic events. What dating method would you use on these materials?
Potassium-Argon or Argon-Argon
A zoo archeologist finds the fossils of a large pig species associated with a hominid occupation site. They can use these fossils foe which dating technique?
Biostratigraphy
Paleomagnetism is an example of what type of dating method?
Relative
Uranium series dating techniques is an example of what type of dating method?
absolute
Uranium series dating methods can be applied to what materials?
Flow stones, stalagmites, and stalactites (among other things in a cave)
Which hominid posses an occipital bun?
H. neanderthalensis
What is the adaptive purpose of the sagittal keel?
None
What hominid posses a sagittal keel?
H. erectus
What is the adaptive purpose of sagittal crest?
for consuming vegetation and or hard food items
What hominin possesses a sagittal crest?
Paranthropus
what trait is indicated at the top of the gorilla crania
sagittal crest
what hominin has a forehead and chin
homosapiens
where are oldowan tools found
africa and Eurasia
which is older: oldowan or acheulean
oldowan
what hominins used acheulean
h. erectus, h. hiedlebergensis
first hominin to leave Africa
h. erectus/ergaster
what hominins have a nuchal torus/occipital torus
h. erectus/ergaster
what hominin has a retromolar gap
h. neanderthal
where are neanderthals found
Eurasia
are Australopithecus arboreal or bipedal
both
what can lateral facing glenoid fossa tell us
only if they can swing on trees
where did h. naeldi come from
africa
did bipedality or large brain evolve first
bipedality
what proved that bipedality came before large brain
Taung Child (Australopithecus africanus)
Australopithecus and Paranthropus have what king of positional repertoire
broad
bipedality in animals
homoplasy/convergence
homoplasy/convergence
adaptive traits, didn't come from ancestors
Bergmann's rule
predicts that in colder region body size (volume, not height) will be larger because the volume of the organism increases faster than does its surface area
allen's rule (cold climates)
in colder climates, shorter appendages are better at preventing heat loss due to an increased mass-to-surface ratio
Allen's rule (warm climates)
in warmer climates, longer appendages are better at promoting heat loss due to a lower mass-to-surface ratio
H. naeldi post cranial traits
small stature, small braincase, small dental and masticatory apparatus, human wrist, curved fingers, short foot, arch suggests bipedality, incus bone
Fosters island rule
species change in size depending on available resources
why does size change on islands
isolation and reduced gene flow, reduced territory size, reduced food, reduces predation pressure, niche expansion
what hominin species was affected by island dwarfism
h. floresnsiensis
why was h. erectus able to leave Africa
changes in reciprocity: older individuals transmit more knowledge base and increased cooperation
trophic level increase: more meat eating
likely hypothesis for bipedalism
orthograde posture in the arboreal substrate was a pre-adaptation for bipedalism on the ground
most robust hominin
h. hidelbergensis
a humero-femoral index of 100% is indicative of what form of locomotion
quadruple/arboreal (legs and arms of relative equal lengths)
a valgus knee, asymmetric femoral condyles, and centered foramen magnum are indicative of what form of locomotion
bipedal
how would you differentiate between Australopithecus and Paranthropus
different cranial adaptations resulting from different diets
what hominids possess a mosaic of arboreal and bipedal post-cranial adaptations
Australopithecus and Paranthropus
h. floresiensis most likkey decente from what hominin species
h. erectus/ergaster
a hominin skeleton that is about 3ft tall and in possession of relatively large feet would be what species
h. floresiensis
a crania with a large supra orbital torus, angled occipital region, and a nuchal torus belongs to what hominin
h. erectus/ergaster
different variations of a gene are called
alleles
DNA function
self-replication and protein synthesis
mRNA function
transcribes the combined sequence of coding and non-coding regions into a sequence of only coding regions for export from the nucleus to the ribosome
crossover function
produces new combinations of alleles
humans have __ alleles(s) at each genetic locus or position on the chromosomes in their somatic (non-sex) cells because we are __ organisms
2, diploid
Note
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