Unit 4 Gov Test

One representative per district

Representative is the winning candidate who gets the most votes in the district

A majority is NOT required

Chosen by the people of the district

Voters only chose ONE candidate

Tends to lead to a two party system

Multiple members per district (may be the entire country)

Voters select a PARTY, NOT A CANDIDATE

After all ballots are collected, percentages of votes received by parties are calculated (ex. Labour Party won 40% of the 10,000 ballots)

Then, they receive the same percentage of seats (ex. Labour Party got 40% of the 360 seats) and the party assigns seats to party members

Tends to lead to a multi-party system

Require political parties to have a certain percentage of female candidates run in SDMP or be placed in seats in PR

In Mexico

Common in Latin America

In Duma, half of the 450 members are elected through the PR system and the other half through single member district (majority).

Federation Council appointed by regional governors and legislature but not independent due to the fact that governors are approved by President

Does not enhance democratization

In PR election, parties must get >5% of the vote to win seats.

President directly elected and must win a majority

Semi-presidential system

President must win a majority, directly elected every 4 years (run off method if no candidate wins a majority)

Single member (majority) and multi-member districts in the Majles, candidates are vetted by the Guardian Council

Legislative body lacks political party structures

290 seats, some seats are reserved for non-Muslim minorities

1/2 of Guardian Council are selected by the Supreme leader and the other 1/2 are by the judiciary with Majles approval

300 members elected through SDMP and 200 members through PR (2% floor for parties to be represented) in the Chamber of Deputies

96 members in Senate are elected by multi-member district system. Each district has 3 senators and the party who wins the most votes gets 2 senators, the runner up gets 1

House of Representatives and Senate are elected through Single member district

Number of representatives that represent an electoral district depends on population size

Senate has 3 members directly elected from 36 states

Presidential candidates must win the most votes and secure at least 25% of the vote in 2/3s of Nigeria’s states

Majority

Indirect elections by local governments

No official elections except for CCP member elections

House of Lords appointed, approved by monarch with recommendations made by the prime minister and an independent commission

House of Commons elected through SDMP

Increase in the number of political parties represented

Increase of election of minority candidates

Promote two-party systems

Provide voters with strong constituency service and accountability

Ensure geographic representation

Representation of different religious, ethnic and socioeconomic groups

One party (CCP)

Centralism and order, but 8 other parties exist to broaden discussion and consultation but don’t have much power as CCP ensures parties are small and supportive

CCP based off of democratic centralism (society is best led by an elite vanguard party with a “superior” understanding of the Chinese people and their needs

CCP is strong, all other parties weak and act as a release valve

CCP controlled the gov’t and military since 1949, minor parties have limited power to fill minor political offices

One party dominance by only allowing legally registered parties to run, selective court decisions to disqualify candidates, limiting opposing viewpoints in media

United Russia, pro-Putin- right wing

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation- Communist party from old Soviet Union, nationalist- left wing

Liberal Democrats- anti-semitic and anti-reformist, far right

Parties are weak

Diminished representation of smaller parties

Factionalist, weak

Splintering of political elites based off of personalities and ideologies

Many political parties are of former dissidents are now in exile

Executives of Construction Party- Reformist (right wing)

Moderation and Development Party (center)

Combatant Clergy Association- reformist, supports Islamic Coalition Party, (right wing)

Islamic Coalition Party- oldest, conservative (right-wing) not a party but influences the gov’t, supports CCA

Lacks formal political party structures- parties operate as loosely formed political alliances

Elimination of state-owned corporations to decrease patronage, decentralization and one-party power at the subnational level

Establishment of the National Electoral Institute to ensure fair and free elections

Multi-party

PRI- corporatist structure with patron-client system- center right

PRD- left opposition to PRI, appeals to young populists (left-wing)

PAN- right leaning opposition, supports Catholic Church and middle class

Morena- anti-neoliberalist, populist (left), established by A.M.L.O.

PRI strong, all other parties developing

Parties can form coalitions to nominate candidates for any election

Multiparty system which includes 30 registered political parties

2 strong parties- People’s Democratic Party (PDP) and All Progressives Congress of Nigeria (APC)

3rd party with a degree of electoral success

PDP- center right, strong

APC- left, strong

Labor party developing

Multiple parties /w ethnic quotas affect representation in the federal legislature

Competition between the two major parties- Labour and Conservative

Minor parties are also able to win some legislative representation

Conservative- right wing, conservative

Labour- left wing, more socialist

Liberal Democratic Alliance Party- liberal

Parties are strong

SDMP diminishes minor-party representation but allows regional parties to win legislative seats

Parties that earn support from groups /w different characteristics, attracting popular support /w ideologically diverse platforms

Social movements are organized, collective societies that aim to fundamentally change society or resist it

Large groups working together

Long-term goals, less formal, grass-roots

Reflect frustration with current system and a desire for change

Shorter, less organized, difficult to establish connections /w government institutions and leaders

Membership more inconsistent and potentially less committed

Harder to suppress, can have significant sociopolitical consequences

Usually addresses civil rights, redistribution, free and fair elections, equality, environment and corruption

Groups of like-minded people who want to influence public policy- not fundamentally change society

Organizations created to represent and articulate a specific interest or policy

Attempts formal communication with the regime

More organized and established

Can foster ties to the gov’t over time

Can build a solid base of support and loyal following

More controllable by the state

Goals are limited

Both want to change society and public society to some extent

Have connections to civil society, political participation, civil liberties, political efficacy and political and social cleavages

Fundamental to political participation and civil society

Exists in democratic and authoritarian regimes (more restricted in auth regimes)

Green Movement that protested corruption in the 2009 election

Corporatist

Zapatista/Chiapas uprising in Mexico in response to socioeconomic inequality and the negative impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement

Neo-corporatist

Often militant movements

Includes Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta and the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People- emerged to advocate for the rights of an ethnic minority or to protest against the unjust methods of oil in the Niger Delta region

Boko Haram movement attempted to establish an Islamic state in Northern Nigeria

Corporatist relationship between Nigerian parastatals

Corporatist- interest groups not allowed to influence the gov’t

NGOs and unions run by the gov’t

1989 Democracy Movement- ended in Tiananmen Square, gov’t killed students

Beijing Spring

Grass mud horse

Umbrella movement

Falun Gong (Shen Yun)

Corporatist

Large and powerful oligarchy

Fair treatment of the LGBTQ community, corruption and free and fair elections

Pluralist

Neo-corporatist

Anti-Brexit

Climate Change

LGBTQ+ movement

Allow interest groups to function with low levels of autonomy- usually to the point that the state has created them

Government controls access to policy making by relying on state-sanctioned groups or single peak associations to represent labor, business and agricultural sectors

Grant interest groups the most autonomy to advocate

More freedom, promote competition amongst autonomous groups

Interest groups dominate the state and take the lead