US/NC History - Unit 3 Study Guide

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

The northern colonies

A leader in colonial New England

The money left over after paying the cost of doing business

Trade routes among the West Indies, Africa, and Europe

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

The colonies between New England and the Southern Colonies

A member of the religious sect known as the Society of Friends, believed that all people should be equal.

An amount over what is needed

The southernmost of the 13 colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

A larger farm in which crops are grown for sale and on which the people who raise the crops live.

The journey across the Atlantic endured by captured Africans on their way to slavery in the Americas

Granted a charter to the Virginia Company to settle and civilize America, wanted to prevent Spanish advancements in the New World & find a Northern passage to Asia.

Joint stock company, group of wealthy investors as shareholders, planned to establish in America for profit.

Economic opportunities, gold and minerals

April 1607

Far enough inland to hide from Spanish, deep water to anchor ships, swamp and river offer protection from natives.

Chief Powhatan's daughter, married John Rolfe Jamestown Colony

Disease from infected rivers, hunger from not plating crops, attacks by local Native Americans

Took leadership of colony, "He that will not work, shall not eat." Jamestown Colony

Married Pocahontas- brought peace to English and Native Americans, created a smoother breed of tobacco Jamestown Colony

A crop produced for money

Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown

Established in 1619, allowed colonists to make their own law, first representative government in America

Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay

1620, Cape Cod Massachusetts

Separatists from England

Religious Freedom

Starvation, disease, weather

A legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good, Plymouth Colony

1630, Boston, Massachusetts

Wealthy puritans from England

Religious freedom

Disease, no clean water

City upon a hill, became governor of Massachusetts Bay colony Massachusetts Bay

Congregations were formed, representatives served in general court

Strict religious separatists- first leave England for Holland

Thin and rocky soil- not great for farming, short growing season and cold winters, mountainous inland

1621, A Wampanoag taught pilgrims to fish and grow corn, Pilgrims and natives held it

"covenant community", Athenian style direct democracy in town meetings- each man can vote as long as they are religious, laid foundation of majority rule in America

Banished for giving his opinions in church, founds Rhode Island New England Colonies

Banished for holding bible meetings, moves to Rhode Island New England Colonies

Conflict with natives over land ownership, Wampanoag chief Metacom (also known as King Philip, hence the name) unites tribes against colonists, war kills 7/8 natives and 6/13 whites, colonists eventually win after Metacom's death New England Colonies

Several young Puritan girls seem bewitched, 100+ people (mainly women) are arrested and trials for witchcraft, 20 are executed (mostly by hanging) New England Colonies

Fear of independent women, challenges to Puritan authority, and rigid structured society New England Colonies

Economy grows based on shipbuilding, fishing, & trade, Colonies spread to the Connecticut River & New Hampshire

Originally part of New Netherlands

Dutch and Swedish boh had claims, Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret granted lands.

Dutch and Swedish both had claims, was part of Pennsylvania till 1703

King Charles II owed money to William Penn's dead father. In return, Penn received land for English Quakers.

Founder of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia, signed a peace treaty with Lenape Indians, Supported democracy and religious freedom across his colony

Rich soil, mild climate, good for farmland.

Grain becomes a cash crop, known as the bread basket

Farmers transport crops along rivers like Hudson and Delaware. Goods exported through ports in Philadelphia and NYC

Philadelphia and New York were the 2 largest cities. Manufacturing centers and trade.

Great diversity of language, culture, customs, and beliefs. No dominant religion. Settlers from Germany, Sweden, Frane, Scotland, and Netherlands.

"Proprietary colonies" owned by single individuals appointed by King. Representative assemblies from colonists.

Appalachian Mountains, settled by Scots-Irish and Germans, both resistant to English authority, independent spirit

King James I grants a charter for 2 branches of VA CO of London- Plymouth and London Company.

Gold, passage to Asia, Converting Indians to Christianity

Peninsula on the James RIver for defense, ridden with malaria, initial poor leadership, John Smith comes and eventually provides effective leadership, John Rolfe invents smoother tobacco

Founder - Lord Baltimore, representative government (like Virginia)

Representative assembly, largely Protestant, settled by some French Huguenots (French Protestants), also settled by some West Indian planters (brought slavery to the Southern Colonies), cash crop economy

Criminal colony, created as a buffer between British and Spanish Florida, debto's colony (criminals and convicts from England)

Malaria and yellow fever- life expectancy low, difficult to start families and settlements, tobacco economy

Used to encourage importation of workers, land grants from 50 acres to 1000 acres for the head of a family

More freemen (previous indentured servants) in the Chesapeake- angry due to lack of good land and Indian attacks on frontier, Nathaniel Bacon and freemen burned down Jamestown, caused landowners to distrust indentured servants and increased slaves.

The Royal African Company lost its monopoly charter- colonists rushed to cash in on the slave trade which produced lots of money, "slave codes" were drawn up by colonial governments to better distinguish servants and slaves.

First enslaved Africans brought to Jamestown in 1619, 10 million Africans enslaved over the course of 3 centuries, slaves were too expensive for poor colonists, rising wages in England shrank the number of servants coming

Both the British and French wanted territory, resources, and trade routes- specifically wanted to extend their colonies into land west of the Appalachian Mountains

Propaganda that symbolizes that unless the colonies join, they will not survive and lose to the French.

Those who wanted "purify" or simplify the Church of England

Poor Englishmen who agree to work for a number of years in return for their passage

Religious Revival during the 1730's to 1740's

Wrote many books, pamphlets, and sermons which helped start the Great Awakening.

Triangles were easier to defend.

States that settlers cannot move past the Appalachian Mountains

New Bern, also where the Tyron Palace was built

7th royal governor of NC, many residents disliked him because he used tax money to build an expensive government building.

An opposition group against British taxtation

They wanted uncrowded and cheap/free land

Religious freedom

German, Irish, and English people who wanted to make money

A settlement of people living in a new territory that is controlled by the home country

a 1739 uprising of enslaved people in South Carolina, leading to the tightening of already harsh enslavement laws

This document created the idea for the election of representatives and who created it