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When a metal reacts with oxygen what is produced?
Metal oxides
What type of reaction is the reaction between a metal and oxygen?
Oxidation
When metals react with other substances the metal atoms form?
Positive ions
When metals react with other substances the metal atoms form?
Positive ions
When metals react with other substances the metal atoms form?
Displace it
What does reduction involve?
The loss of oxygen
What is the term for the loss of electrons?
Oxidation
What is the term for the gain of electrons?
Reduction
When an acid reacts with metals what is formed?
A Salt and Hydrogen
What do we call a reaction where both oxidation and reduction are occurring?
Redox Reaction
What are acids neutralised by?
Alkalis and Bases
What is the general equation when an acid and alkali react?
Acid + Alkali makes Salt + Water
What is the general reaction when an acid and a metal carbonate react?
Acid + Metal carbonate makes Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
Is a soluble metal hydroxide an alkali or a base?
Alkali
Is a metal oxide an alkali or a base?
Base
Is an insoluble metal hydroxide an alkali or a base?
Base
What type of salt does hydrochloric acid produce?
Chlorides
What type of salt does sulfuric acid produce?
Sulfates
What type of salt does nitric acid produce?
Nitrates
How can a salt solution produce solid salts
Crystallisation
What type of ions do acids produce in aqueous solutions?
H+
What type of ions do alkalis produce in aqueous solutions?
OH-
What is the range of the pH scale?
0-14
How can you measure the pH of a solution?
With universal indicator or a pH probe
What do we call a solution with a pH of 7?
Neutral
What do we call a solution with a pH of less than 7?
Acid
What do we call a solution with a pH greater than 7?
Alkali
In a neutralisation reaction the hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to make?
Water
What makes something a strong acid?
It is completely ionised in an aqueous solution
Give three examples of strong acids
Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Sulfuric acid
What makes something a weak acid?
It is only partially ionised in an aqueous solution
Give three examples of weak acids
Ethanoic acid Citric acid Carbonic acid
For a given concentration, the stronger an acid, the _____________ the pH?
Lower
As the pH decreases by one unit the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution increases by a factor of
10
When an ionic compound is melted or dissolved in water what can the ions do?
Move
What do we call solutions that can conduct electricity?
Electrolyte
What is the name of the negative electrode?
The Cathode
What is the name of the positive electrode?
The Anode
Ions are discharged at electrodes to produce
Elements
At which electrode is the metal produced?
The Cathode
At which electrode is the non metal produced?
The Anode
Electrolysis is used to extract metal if
It is too reactive to be extracted by reduction with Carbo
What is used to manufacture aluminium by electrolysis?
Aluminium oxide
What is added to aluminium oxide in the process of electrolysis?
Cyrolite
In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide what is the positive electrode made out of?
Carbon
When is hydrogen produced at the negative electrode in electrolysis?
When the metal is more reactive than Hydrogen
When is oxygen produced at the positive electrode in electrolysis?
When the solution does not contain a halide ion (halogen)
What type of reaction occurs at the cathode?
Reduction
What type of reaction occurs at the anode?
Oxidation
Complete this ionic equation 2H+ + 2e- makes
H2
What can be used to calculate the volumes of acids and alkalis?
Titrations
What units will be involved in titrations?
mol/dm3 g/dm3
What apparatus is required to measure volumes of one reactant to another
Burette
What is the name of the apparatus that accurately measure the volume of a reactant before transferring it to a conical flask
Pipette
What happens at the cathode during electrolysis?
Positive ions gain electrons (reduction)
What happens at the anode during electrolysis?
Negative ions lose electrons (oxidation)
Complete the half equation of the following: 2H+ + 2e- →
H2
Complete the half equation of the following: 4OH- →
O2 + 2H2O + 4e
Note
Flashcard