Marine "Unit 1" Study Guide

• provide clues of early life on earth

• origin of products

• oxygen production

• recreation and tourism

• climate regulation

the study organisms that live in the sea

studies the organisms that inhabit the sea

mainly study physical non-living aspects of the ocean

• sailed on HMS beagle

• primary goal of cartography

• produced many scientific writings

• principle of natural selection and evolution

• 1872-76

• first systematic survey of the world ocean

satellites are used to study large expanses of the ocean surface

maps seafloor depths and formations

used to study the marine environment for longer periods and at depths otherwise unavailable to humans

allows for direct exploration of the marine environment when scuba is not an option

floating labs for oceanographers and marine biologists to explore the environments for long periods of time

international program that collects information from inside the ocean

group of techniques used to approach experimentation and answer questions about the natural world

• observation/question

• hypothesis

• test/experiment

• collect/analyze data

• conclusion

testable statement constructed from observations and reasoning, both induction and deduction. must be worded so it is testable by scientific means

when testing a hypothesis, researchers must look at only one factor at a time

hypothesis that has been tested repetitively over time by many people without being disproved

• innermost layer

• solid inner and liquid outer

• iron-rich

• pressure is more than a million times earths surface

• 4000 celsius

• middle layer

• very hot - near melting point of rock

• semi-plastic composition

• flows like liquid

• outermost layer

• thinnest portion of the earth

• rigid floating on mantle

• oceanic and continental

• basalt

• more dense

• younger than, -200 million years

• mostly granite

• light colored

• less dense

• older (some 3.8 billion years)

proposed the idea of pangaea

idea of pangaea proposed by alfred wegner

continents had been joined in a single supercontinent

• covers earths surface

• moves ocean floors

• convection currents assist movement

• heat from the mantle drives currents

chain of submarine volcanic mountains that rise from the ocean floor and encircle the globe

chains of islands found throughout the oceans, especially in the west pacific

derived from the physical and chemical break-down of rocks

derived from skeletons and shells of marine organisms including diatoms, radiolarians, foraminiferans, and coccolithophorids

boundaries between continental and oceanic crust

formed by sediments that have been pushed down from the continental shelf and slope

• sites of more intense geologic activity including earthquakes, volcanoes, and trenches

• characterized by steep, rocky, shorelines, narrow continental shelves, and steep continental slopes

• relatively inactive geologically

• characterized by flat, wide, coastal plains, wide continental shelves, and gradually sloping continental slopes

deep-sea floor

gap/depression at the center of ridge where the plates are pulling apart

heated water that forces its way back through the crust and emerges

sticking together of particles of the same substance

property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of the water molecules

total amount of salt dissolved in water