American Nation II first semester final

radical reconstruction plan with stricter requirements for former Confederate states

discriminatory laws created in the Reconstruction-era South to keep ex-slaves subordinate to white

laws designed to keep blacks and whites from intermarrying

law that was passed to give African Americans equal benefit of laws as white citizens; banned discrimination in state laws & expanded black rights

abolished slavery

established citizenship rights, due process of law, and equal protection

established universal male suffrage

established federal income tax

established direct election of senators

law that established military rule in the South to oversee new state governments & voter registration

a system in which white planters divided up large plantations into small farms which freedmen rented

system in which merchants sold goods to sharecroppers in exchange for a claim on their future crop

law that made it a felony to interfere with voting rights

the belief that the U.S. had a God-given right to expand from sea to shining sea

desperate rebellion in which a group of Sioux Indians killed over 1,000 settlers in Minnesota

incident in which U.S. troops attacked a Cheyenne village; leader raised a white flag, but troops killed 270 Indians (mostly women and children)

tactic that involved forcing Native Americans to blend into & adopt white culture

leader of the Nez Perce tribe who refused to stay on the reservation & fled for the Canadian border

a nonviolent religious ritual that was said to have the power to destroy the white men

Sioux chief who joined the Ghost Dance movement & was eventually killed during his attempted arrest

incident in which soldiers were disarming Indians and an accidental shot resulted in the death of over 200 Sioux men, women, and children

the richest vein of silver ore discovered in North America (Nevada, 1859)

law passed in 1882 that banned Chinese immigration to the U.S

exhibition show that helped create the American "Wild West" myth

investor/philanthropist who built the biggest steel business in the world during the Gilded Age

term that refers to controlling every aspect of production from beginning to end

oil tycoon who popularized the use of the trust as a business structure

leader in finance capitalism & prominent bankers who single handedly bailed out the U.S. government

application of the idea of "survival of the fittest" to the economic/social world

informal & unauthorized executions, frequently by a mob; usually racially motivated

leader of the anti-lynching movement in the U.S.

founders of the National Woman Suffrage Association

organization designed to help end drunkenness in the U.S.

initially the largest immigrant group in the U.S.

one of the first steps toward labor organization in the U.S.; began when B&O Railroad cut wages & raised dividends at the same time

first mass organization of the U.S. working class; secret society founded in 1869

organization that coordinated the activities of craft unions throughout the U.S.; organized by trade & emphasized skilled labor

founded the American Federation of Labor

incident that occurred 2 days after a May Day rally; strikers attacked strikebreakers in Chicago; 6 killed by police, then a bomb was thrown into the police ranks

antilabor industrial manager hired to deal with the strike at Carnegie's steel mill

incident that occurred when Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the contract with the labor union at his steel mill; striking workers attacked the Pinkertons sent to bring in strikebreakers

labor incident that occurred when Colorado mine owners lengthened the workday for miners; eventually the unions won the argument

labor incident in which the American Railway Union boycotted a certain type of train cars nationwide & the railroads actually stopped running

policy designed to keep European powers from interfering with politics in the America

proposal recommending that all major powers be allowed access to trade in China while maintaining Chinese sovereignty

2 pillars of U.S. foreign policy in the 1890s

sensationalist reporting designed to provoke an emotional response

battleship that exploded & provided the catalyst for the Spanish-American War

an American political movement based on social and political reform

2 primary characteristics of progressivism

houses founded in poor neighborhoods and designed to provide assistance & social services to poor communities

founder of the settlement house movement

most famous settlement house, founded in Chicago

incident in which an accidental fire killed 146 of 500 employees in a New York factory

term used to describe Roosevelt's efforts to challenge big business

law used by Roosevelt to dissolve more than 43 trusts during his term as president

causes of WWI

passenger ship sunk by Germany in 1915 that caused outrage in the U.S. because some of its passengers were Americans

secret telegram sent by the German foreign secretary to Mexico which said that if the U.S. entered war against Germany, Germany would return "lost provinces" to Mexico if they declared war on the U.S.

amendment that established the prohibition of alcohol

amendment that established women's suffrage in the U.S.

president of the US during WWI

international association of "peace-loving nations" designed to maintain global peace after WWI

Woodrow Wilson's plan for the WWI peace treaty

treaty that ended WWI

term for the period of heightened fear of internal revolution in the U.S. following WWI

1919 Supreme Court case that limited freedom of speech by establishing the "clear & present danger" test

Republican who won the election of 1920 on a platform of "returning to normalcy"

the term for taking away someone's right to vote or preventing them from voting

third party formed in 1892 by the Farmers' Alliance