Studied by 9 peoplePhysical Chemistry
The study of reactions of properties and matters
Organ Chemsitry
Study substances that are compounds of carbon
Inorganic Chemistry
Chemical combinations of elements
Biochemistry
The chemistry of living things
Analytical chemistry
identifies substances that are present in materials
Clinical chemistry
involves primary biochemistry and analytical chemistry
Science
The systematic study of God’s universe and how it works
Hypothesis
A tentative explanation for a natural phenomenon
Observing
Gathering date by looking closely at nature
Hypothesizing
speculating about nature and forming general principles to explain it
Experimenting
testing hypotheses in a systematic way to determine if they are valid or invalid
Theory
A set of conclusions supported by scientific hypotheses and related experimentation that describes why a law works.
Scientific Law
A statement, grounded in a theory, of what should naturally occur under a given set of conditions
Mathematics
the language of science
Precision
Repeatability
Accuracy
Correctness
Exact Numbers
Obtained by counting
System of measurement
A collection of compatible, related units that can be used to measure various quantities
Metric System
Based on powers of 10
Nano
one billionth to 10-9
Micro
one millionth to 10-6
Milli
one thousandth to 10-3
Centi
One hundredth to 10-2
Kilo
one thousandth to 10 3
Mega
one millionth to 10 6
Prefixes
Attached to tube base unit to change its value
Length
Meter
Volume
Liter
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
Weight
The force of gravity of an object
N
What is the symbol for nano
μ
What is the symbol for micro
M
What is the symbol for milli
C
What is the symbol for centi
K
What is the symbol for kilo
m
What is the symbol for mega
Coldest Possible Temperature
Absolute Zero
Kelvin
Same size degrees as celsius
Absolute scale
no negative values
Time
Second
Dimensional Analysis
A technique for converting units using a conversion factor
Scientific Notation
A way to write large numbers in a short format
Meter
What is the name for length
m
What is the symbol for length
Kilogram
What is the name for mass
kg
What is the symbol for mass
Liter
What is the name for volume
L
What is the symbol for volume
Second
What is the name for time
s
What is the symbol for time
Degree celsius
What is the name for temperature
C
What is the symbol for temperature
Kelvin
What is the name for absolute temperature
K
What is the symbol for absolute temperature
Pascal
What is the name for pressure
Pa
What is the symbol for pressure
Mole
What is the name for amount of substances
Mol
What is the symbol for the amount of substances
Joule
What is the name for energy
J
What is the symbol for energy
Significant digit
any of the digits in a measured value that represent the uncertainty of the measurement
Ex Nihilo
Latin Phrase meaning “Out of Nothing”
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Solid, Liquid, Gas
3 Ordinary States
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion
Solid
Definite shape and volume
Liquid
Definite volume but no definite shape
Gas
No Definite volume or shape
Melting Point
Particles of a solid gain enough energy to break loose of their rigid positions
Boiling Point
Particles of a liquid gain enough energy to break fully away from each other
Plasma
Most common state of matter in the universe
Substance
A form of matter with unique properties that make it different from other substances
Atoms
The smallest particles of an element that still have the properties of that element
Elements
substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary means into simpler substances
Molecules
Groups of 2 or more atoms
Atomic Symbol
Abbreviations given to each element
Compound
Any substance that can be broken down into simpler substances
Formula
A grouping of symbols listing the number of atoms of each element in a molecule
Pure Substance
Both elements are compounds are pure substances
Homogeneous
Same composition all the way throughout the substance
Mixture
Physically mixed but not chemically united
Atomic Theory
Proposed by John Dalton
Law of Definite Composition
The ratios of masses of each element in a given compound will always be the same
The Law of Multiple Proportions
Two elements that combine to form more than one compound will form ratios of small whole numbers
Chemical properties
how matter reacts to change into other chemically different substances having different properties;
Physical change
Changes in the physical appearance of matter that do not change the identity or chemical composition of a substance
Chemical change
A change in which a sub-stance becomes a different substance with a different composition and properties
Distillation
process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation, usually inside an apparatus known as a still.
Chromatography
the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension or as a vapor through a medium in which the components move at different rates.
Electrons
negative
Protons
positive
JJ Thomson
discovered the electron and then went on to propose a model for the structure of the atom
Nucleus
Contains most of the mass of the atom
Neutrons
Neutral
Up Quark
Positive ⅔
Down Quark
Negative ⅓
Nucleons
Any particles in the nucleus
Isotopes
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers
Quark
Particles believed to be smaller than protons and neutrons
Z
Atomic number
Note
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