Studied by 0 peoplemass of an electron
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what is an isotope
Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons
why do isotopes have similar chemical properties but different physical properties
Isotopes have similar chemical properties because they have the same electronic structure. They may have slightly varying physical properties because they have different masses.
what does this represent
2 electrons in the orbital in the subshell, arrows in opposite directions represent the opposite spins of the atoms
what block of the table is Ca in and why
s, the outer electron is filling an s-sub shell
what block of the table is Cl in
p block
what block of the table is Ti in
d block
how many electrons can an s shell hold
2
how many electrons can a p subshell hold
6
how many electrons can a d shell hold
10
how many electrons can one orbital hold
2, in opposite spin
what order do subshells fill up in, go up to 4p
1s→2s→2p→3s→3p→4s→3d→4p
when an +2 ion is formed from the structure 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1 what is the electron configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1, loses from 4s before it loses from 3d
what is first ionisation energy
The first ionisation energy is the enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms forms one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge
what is the first ionisation equation for hydrogen
H → H+ + e-
what factors affect ionisation energy
1.The attraction of the nucleus (The more protons in the nucleus the greater the attraction)
2. The distance of the electrons from the nucleus (The bigger the atom the further the outer electrons are from the nucleus and the weaker the attraction to the nucleus)
3. Shielding of the attraction of the nucleus (An electron in an outer shell is repelled by electrons in complete inner shells, weakening the attraction of the nucleus)
Note
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