AP Human Geography Unit 2

The way something is spread out over an area

Amount of people located in a unit of land

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

total amount of people per unit of arable land

amount of farmers per unit of arable land

ability to reproduce

death

The percentage by which a population grows in a year

yearly births/ 1000 people in the population

yearly deaths/ 1000 people in the population

Average amount of children a woman will have ages 15-49

Amount of deaths of infants (under 1 yr) per 1000 births

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

number of males and females of each age in a population

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

ratio of People ages 15-65 (work age) to people not in that age range

fertility rate to keep a population consistent

The number of years it takes a population to double

When the percentage of the population that is age 65 and older is increasing relative to other age groups.

When cities grow and develop

A population that exceeds carrying capacity

changes in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

Shows before Industrial rev and improved healthcare; lower LE and higher DR

BR stays consitent, DR decreases due to industrialization.

Rapidly declining CBR, slightly declining CDR

Low CBR and CDR

CDR staying about the same, CBR still decreasing leading to population decline

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

Theory that states that the world's population will increase forever, saying that at a certain point (crisis point) there will be a strain on recourses, specifically food

People that believe that the crisis that Malthus predicted could still occur in the future

As the population increases, humans will find ways to distribute and produce resources to the growing populations (specifically with agriculture as can be seen in the development of mechanized farming)

a curve showing exponential population growth

A worldwide disease, that threatens all people no matter where they live

Shows changing death rates over time focusing primarily on the effects that disease has on population

Infectious disease and animal attacks main cause of death; High changing MR and low LE

Death caused by mainly pandemics and diseases, but better sanitation, nutrition, and medicine causes decrease in infections; higher LE (abt. 30-50 years) and lower DR

Less infectious disease infections, more chronic disease associated w/ aging; higher LE and lower DR

Healthcare improvments reduce/delay aging related diseases; LE is at its peak

Since people now live so close together in urban areas due to population increase, diseases spread faster; LE decreases and DR increases

A policy implemented by the government to lower birth rates. This could be seen as taxing people with more children, forced sterilization, etc.

A government policy to raise birth rates. To do this, they may make it cheaper to have kids (free daycare), use propaganda showing happy large families, etc

All types of movement from one location to another.

A permanent move from one place to another

Migration away from a location

Migration to a new location

Difference between amount of emigrants and amount of immigrants in a defined region/area

A negative reason for leaving a location

A positive reason to go to another location

When an immigrant still has strong cultural, emotional, or financial ties to their origin country

Migration within a country

When people willingly relocate to a new location

International migration when nomads (people who move herds between higher and lower elevations depending on the season) cross the borders of a country in their movements.

When people migrate because people from their community have done so

Smaller moves that lead up to a final destination

an occurrence preventing or slowing a migrants journey

An opportunity that occurs before a migrant reaches their destinations that causes them to willingly pause their journey

the movement of people from rural to urban areas

People who migrate to a new country as a temporary laborer

When migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs

People who migrate due to extreme push factors

A person who has been forced to flee their country for fear of their life

Right to protection in a new country

Someone who has been forced to leave their home but are still within their country's borders

The illegal trade of human beings, a modern-day form of slavery, typically for labor, sexual exploitation or domestic servitude

Not enough people trained for a certain kind of job

money that is earned in another country that is sent back to a home country

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

Migration within a region

fear/hatred of foreigners

Limit on amount of immigrants can enter a country annually

the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries

Someone that has migrated back to their country of origin

each migration flow produces a movement in the opposite direction

The ability to have children

Traces the cyclical movement upwards and downwards in a graph. It is important to geography because it helps show the natural increase in population.

A person given permission to temporarily work in another country, particularly Germany

The living space of humans on Earth’s surface

Programs allowing undocumented immigrants the opportunity to apply for official status or citizenship without facing arrest or deportation

Movement repeated annually or seasonally with a closed route