APWH Unit 1: Chapter 14: Expansive Realm of Islam

When did the first islamic hajj occur?

632

What is the hajj, and what shrine do they visit?

holy pilgrimage to Mecca, saudi arabia (the Ka’ba)

what is the historical relevance of the hajj?

spread islam, exchange of ideas, trade

When did the Hijra occur?

622

What is the Hijra?

Muhammad migrating to Medina

What is the historical relevance of the hijra?

official starting point of Islamic calendar

How long did the Umayyad dynasty last?

661-750

What was the capital of the Umayyad dynasty & its relevance?

Damascus, Syria. Strong communication & trade

What was the historical relevance of the Umayyads?

Expanded Islamic empire & religion, trade

How long did the Abbasid dynasty reign?

750-1258

What was the jizya?

Tax on non-muslims implemented by Umayyads

What led to the decline of the Umayyad?

Abbasid forces end Umayyads in battle & kills survivors at a banquet

What was the capital of the Abbasid empire?

Baghdad, trading center

Who founded the Abbasid dynasty?

Abu al-Abas

What was the cause of the abbasid decline?

Mongols

What is the Ka’ba

Shrine of islam

When was the Quran published

650

What is the Quran

Visions of Muhammad, Allahs teachings

When did the Hadiths appear?

9th-11th centuries

What are the Hadiths

Documentations of Muhammads sayings & actions

What is the historical relevance of Hadith?

Foundation of Sharia, served as authority

What are some examples of islamic literature?

Arabians Nights & The Thousand and one nights

What is the historical relevance of islamic literature

showed the Persian influence on islam, gave insight off Abbasid empire

what was islamic lit written in?

Persian

Where was islamic veiling adopted from and when did that society start using it?

Mesopotamia started 13th-century BCE

When did the Sunni-Shia split occur?

632

What belief did the Shia hold?

Supported Ali as next caliph, believed all successors should be related to Ali

What belief did the sunnis hold?

believed caliphate didn’t have to be related to Ali

what led to the sunni/shia split

disagreements over next caliph

What is the role of a caliph?

head of umma. judge, religious leader, and military commander

Who was the first caliph?

Abu Bakr

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